1. The Immediate Effect of Posteroanterior Mobilization on Reducing Back Pain and the Stiffness of the Lumbar Spine 
Gary L. Shum, PhD, Bonnie Y. Tsung, PhD, Raymond Y. Lee, PhD 
Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 
Volume 94, Issue 4, Pages (April 2013)
DOI: /j.apmr
Copyright © 2013 American Congress of Rehabilitation Medicine Terms and Conditions

2. Fig 1
A biomechanical model of PA mobilization. NOTE. The lumbar spine was assumed to be a beam supported over the thoracic cage and the sacrum as shown in the figure. The distances a, b, e, d, and L represent the geometric information of the spine that was measured with a stylus. The solid black squares represent the placement of the electromagnetic sensors. P represents the mobilization load applied on the spine.
Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation  , DOI: ( /j.apmr )
Copyright © 2013 American Congress of Rehabilitation Medicine Terms and Conditions

3. Fig 2
Mean ± SD of the bending stiffness for the asymptomatic and LBP groups when a PA load of 250N was applied before and after PA mobilization.
Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation  , DOI: ( /j.apmr )
Copyright © 2013 American Congress of Rehabilitation Medicine Terms and Conditions

4. Fig 3
Mean ± SD of the maximum spinal curvature changes for the asymptomatic and LBP groups during the PA stiffness assessment before and after PA mobilization.
Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation  , DOI: ( /j.apmr )
Copyright © 2013 American Congress of Rehabilitation Medicine Terms and Conditions