1. Take out The Origins of the Universe HW. In your Do Now section:
AIM: Understand the discoveries of famous astronomers and know the states of a star’s life cycle
HW: Famous Astronomers Handout. Bring in your Chemistry Textbooks by MONDAY!
Do Now: /18/17
Take out The Origins of the Universe HW.
In your Do Now section:
Create a list of as many stages of human life as you can. Start at what happens before you are an infant and work your way up as you get older.

2. ON YOUR NOTES HANDOUT: The Human Life Cycle
Fertilization
Infancy
Toddler 9
Child
Pre-Teen
Adolescence
Young Adult
Adult
Elderly

3. Origins of the Universe Homework Answers
1.) What is Cosmology?
The branch of science that seeks to explain how the universe began.
2.) What has led scientists to theorize about a possible "Big Bang" origin of the universe?
The study of matter - how tiny atoms can release tremendous energy.
3.) Describe the Big Bang Theory?
The theory the universe began as a single dense point and expanded outward.
4.) How did Eratosthenes estimate the shape of Earth? What important discovery did his work lead to?
Comparing shadow lengths in two places during the day. Earth is not flat - it's a sphere.

4. 5.) What is the Renaissance and how did it change our view of the Earth?
The view of the Earth centered universe began to change.
6.) Explain the contributions made by Leavitt and Hubble to our understanding of the universe.
Leavitt found a method of measuring the distance of certain stars from Earth and that stars change brightness over time (this indicates their age). Hubble came up with the idea that wavelengths of light received on Earth showed that stars and galaxies are moving away from us at a rapid rate.
7.) Which other famous individual helped advance the modern day theory of the universe?
Einstein - Theory of Relativity (E=mc2) connecting mass, energy and the speed of light, that gravity could affect light, the universe was vast and expanding.

5. THE STAR LIFE CYCLE
Briefly view this Tim and Moby movie to learn more about the life cycle of stars!!

6. Notes: The Life Cycle of Stars
NEBULA
(gas and dust collect)
PROTOSTAR
(a new star is born)
MAIN SEQUENCE
(star is burning its energy)
THREE FATES OF DYING STARS
WHITE DWARF
(the fate of our Sun)
NEUTRON STAR
(From explosion of
Supernova)
BLACK HOLE
(fate of super-large
stars)

7. yellow
red
supernova
white dwarfs
orange
protostars
pulsar

8. Comparing the Human Life Stages to that of a Star :
Fertilization = Nebula Stage
Infancy = Protostar
Child/Teenager/Adult = Main Sequence
Elderly = White Dwarf, Neutron, Black Hole

9. Famous Astronomers
Ptolomy
Galileo
Copernicus
Brahe

10. Background Information
Most Greek astronomers believed
that the universe is perfect and
unchangeable and that the Earth is
stationary in the center of the
celestial sphere.
If “geo” is the Greek word for Earth,
then the Geocentric system is
described as Earth at the center of
the revolving planets.

11. Ptolemy In 140 A.D. the Greek astronomer Claudius Ptolemy believed
the Geocentric model but thought
that the planets moved on little
circles that moved on bigger
circles. This explained why the
planets seem to move at different
speeds, and even backwards
among the stars.
For the next 1400 years people believed that Ptolemy’s ideas
were correct.

12. Copernicus In the early 1500’s a Polish astronomer Nicolaus Copernicus
developed another explanation.
He thought the sun was at the
center of the system of planets. His
sun-centered system is called
Heliocentric for the word Helio
which means sun in Greek.

13. Galileo In the 1600’s an Italian astronomer, Galileo Galilei made
two discoveries with his telescope
to support Copernicus’
Heliocentric model.
He saw four moons revolving
around Jupiter, and discovered that
Venus goes through phases similar
to those of Earth’s moon.

14. Brahe In the late 1500’s the Danish astronomer Tycho Brahe
built an elaborate observatory
and made much more
accurate observations –
further confirming Galileo’s
work.
During a fencing accident, he
lost his nose.

15. Famous Astronomers Video
With an interesting twist or two!
Ptolomy
Galileo
Copernicus
Brahe

16. Hollywood Squares Game
Ancient Astronomer Style TIC-TAC-TOE!