1. Forming A New Nation
What issues does the new nation face?

2. I. Americans Create A Republic
A. 1781: all 13 states ratify (approve) the Articles of Confederation
1. The Articles made the US a republic (people elect reps) but each state had more power than federal (US) government
Problem: hard to govern the new country since 9 of the 13 states had to agree (laws, taxes, & trade)
Constitutional Convention: 55 delegates used Enlightenment ideas to fix the problem by writing a new constitution

3. Washington will be elected the nation’s first President (1789)
B. Two Points of View
1. Federalists= favor strong federal gov with separation of power (Mont.)
2. Anti-federalists= favor strong state govs, with individual rights (Locke & Voltaire)
1787: Washington helps the two groups compromise  they pass a federal Constitution with a Bill of Rights
Washington will be elected the nation’s first President (1789)

4. Enlightenment Philosopher
Where ideas are found
Locke
1)Declaration of Independence
2) Constitution - “We the People” 3) Constitution – 13th & 14th Amendments
Montesquieu
1)Constitution - Articles I, II, III
separates power to 3 branches
2) System of checks & balances
Rousseau
1)Vote for congress/president
2)Const - 13th & 15th Amendment
Voltaire
1) Bill of Rights – 1st Amendment
Freedom of speech, religion, etc
Beccaria
1)Const. Article III – Judicial Rev.
2) Bill of Rights - legal rights to accused (Amendments 4-8)
Wollstonecraft
1) Constitution – 19th Amendment
2) Title IX – Federal Law