1. Immune System Innate (nonspecific) Adaptive (specific)
Born with this system
Response to any invader
Adaptive (specific)
System develops throughout life
Response to specific invaders
Remembers previous invaders

3. First Line Defenses
Physical barriers
Chemical barriers
Normal flora

4. Anatomical Barriers Separate interior of body from environment. Skin
Mucous membranes

5. Chemical Barriers Interferon
Chemical that helps make cells resistant to infection.

6. Chemical Barriers Complement Lyses bacteria
Makes cells more susceptible to macrophages

7. Normal Flora Competitive exclusion of pathogens
Block attachment sites
Compete for nutrients
Produce toxic compounds

8. Normal Flora

9. Inflammation
IL-1, TNFa, and other cytokines cause dilation of blood vessels
Vessels become leaky leading to edema; macrophages adhere to vessel wall and then squeeze through by mechanism called diapedesis.

10. Inflammation

11. Phagocytosis

12. Macrophages release IL-1
Fever
Infection
Macrophages release IL-1
Prostaglandins E1 and E2

13. Specific Immune Response

14. Lymphoid System Primary Lymphoid Organs Secondary Lymphoid Organs
Thymus
Bone marrow
Secondary Lymphoid Organs
Lymph nodes
Spleen
Tonsils
Adenoids

15. Lymphocytes T lymphocytes B lymphocytes Mature in thymus
Mature in bone marrow
Produce antibodies

16. Antigens Antibody generator Epitope
Molecule that interacts specifically with an antibody or lymphocyte.
Epitope
Specific portion of a molecule to which antibody or lymphocyte interacts.

17. Humoral Response B lymphocytes Effector B cells (plasma cells)
Produce antibodies
Memory B cells
Contain membrane bound antibodies

18. Cell-Mediated Response
T lymphocytes
Helper T cells (TH; CD4+)
Cytotoxic T cells (TC; CD8+)

19. Helper T-cell Function
Recognize antigen.
Activate cytotoxic T cells and B cells.

20. Cytotoxic T-cell Function
Produce enzymes that kill abnormal or virus-infected cell

21. Immune Response

22. Vaccinations

23. Types of Immunity

24. Fact or Myth
Chicken pox is not a fatal disease, so that vaccine is not necessary.
MYTH

25. Fact or Myth
A breastfed infant doesn’t need to be vaccinated because he/she is receiving protective antibodies from his/her mother.
MYTH

26. Fact or Myth
The chickenpox vaccine is not 100% effective; however, if a vaccinated person contracts the disease, the disease is less severe.
FACT

27. Fact or Myth
It is safe for an infant to receive multiple vaccinations during a single visit to the pediatrician's office.
FACT

28. Fact or Myth
These diseases have been virtually eliminated from the United States, so my child doesn't need to be vaccinated.
MYTH
Measles epidemic between 1989 and 1991.
55,000 cases/120 deaths
Due to 10% decrease in MMR immunizations

29. Fact or Myth
An individual who is vaccinated not only protects himself but those around him as well.
FACT
When a critical percentage of the population is immune to a disease, herd immunity develops.

30. Fact or Myth
Thimerosal, a preservative used in some vaccines, causes autism in a small percentage of children.
MYTH

31. Vaccination Schedule

32. Immunization Quiz

33. Flu Shot Game