1. Unit 6: Early Statehood (antebellum – before the Civil War)

2. Major Events during Early Statehood:
Texas Annexation
Increase in Population & Economy
Border dispute
Mexican-American War
Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo

3. Texas Annexation
Dec 29, 1845
Anson Jones – TEXAS president during annexation
James K. Polk – UNITED STATES president during annexation
Texans wrote a new state constitution

4. James K. Polk 11th president of the U.S. Supported annexation
“Father of Manifest Destiny”

5. Manifest Destiny
The United States was destined to expand from the Atlantic Coast to the Pacific Coast

6. Manifest Destiny Key Beliefs:
The nation needs more land for its rapidly growing population
Americans could bring economic growth & democracy to places where they had never been before
American territorial expansion was blessed by God because it was morally right

7. Manifest Destiny How? When? Mid 1800s Winning Mexican American War
US border reached the Pacific Ocean (California Coast)
Texas/Mexico border was officially declared as the Rio Grande River.

8. Mexico wouldn’t even discuss it!
Mexican American War
Mexico wouldn’t even discuss it!
Causes:
Major Issue: Border of Texas
Mexico said the border was the Nueces River
Texas (and the U.S.) said the border was the Rio Grande

9. Mexican American War Causes (continued):
Mexico refused to accept Texas’ Independence
U.S. annexed Texas
Belief in Manifest Destiny

10. Timeline Texas is annexed by the U.S.
Fighting broke out near the Rio Grande because of border dispute
The U.S. declared war on Mexico (Mexican-American War)
Thousands of Texans volunteered for war
General Zachary Taylor defeated Santa Anna
Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo signed

11. Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo
Ended the U.S. – Mexican War (Mexican – American War)
Mexico surrendered all territory between Texas and the Pacific Ocean
US pays MX $15 million
TX Border set at Rio Grande River

12. Mexican Cession

13. After the war, U.S. bought land from Mexico for $10 million
Gadsden Purchase
After the war, U.S. bought land from Mexico for $10 million

14. 1803 Louisiana Purchase
Colonies
1848 Mexican Cession
1845 Texas Annexation
1853 Gadsden Purchase

15. Perspective:
An American who supported the Mexican-American War
Mexico crossed over the boundary of the U.S., invaded our territory & shed American blood on American soil
Mexico lost a third of our territory. The U.S. desire for Manifest Destiny does not erase the injustice
A Mexican who opposed the Mexican-American War
An American who opposed the Mexican-American War
This is no war of defense, but one of unnecessary and of offensive aggression