1. Management Information Systems, 10/e
Raymond McLeod Jr. and George P. Schell
© 2007 by Prentice Hall
Management Information Systems, 10/e Raymond McLeod and George Schell

2. System Users and Developers
Chapter 4
System Users and Developers
© 2007 by Prentice Hall
Management Information Systems, 10/e Raymond McLeod and George Schell

3. Management Information Systems, 10/e Raymond McLeod and George Schell
Learning Objectives
Know that the organizational content for systems development and use is changing from a physical to a virtual structure.
Know who the information specialists are and how they can be integrated into an information services organization.
Be alert to new directions that the information services organization may take.
© 2007 by Prentice Hall
Management Information Systems, 10/e Raymond McLeod and George Schell

4. Learning Objectives (Cont’d)
Understand what is meant by “end-user computing” and why it came about.
Appreciate that users, especially those with an end-user computing capability, are a valuable information resource.
Know the benefits and risks of end-user computing.
© 2007 by Prentice Hall
Management Information Systems, 10/e Raymond McLeod and George Schell

5. Learning Objectives (Cont’d)
Be aware of the types of knowledge and skill that are important to systems development.
Appreciate the value of managing the knowledge held by information specialists and users.
Recognize the benefits and risks of the virtual office and the virtual organization.
© 2007 by Prentice Hall
Management Information Systems, 10/e Raymond McLeod and George Schell

6. Management Information Systems, 10/e Raymond McLeod and George Schell
Figure 4.1 Information Systems Are Developed to Support Organizational Levels and Areas
© 2007 by Prentice Hall
Management Information Systems, 10/e Raymond McLeod and George Schell

7. Information Services (IS) Organization
Information resources
Information specialists
System analysts
Database administrators
Webmasters
Network specialists
Programmers
Operators
© 2007 by Prentice Hall
Management Information Systems, 10/e Raymond McLeod and George Schell

8. The Informational Services Organizational Structure
Trend from centralized to decentralized structure.
Divisional information officer (DIO)
Innovative
Partner model
Platform model
Scalable model
© 2007 by Prentice Hall
Management Information Systems, 10/e Raymond McLeod and George Schell

9. Figure 4.3 A Network Model of Information Services Organization
© 2007 by Prentice Hall
Management Information Systems, 10/e Raymond McLeod and George Schell

10. Network Model (Cont’d)
Visioning network enables the CIO to work with top management in strategic planning for information resources.
Innovation network is used by the CIO to interface with business areas so that innovations can be developed.
Sourcing network is utilized to interface with vendor for acquiring information resources.
© 2007 by Prentice Hall
Management Information Systems, 10/e Raymond McLeod and George Schell

11. Management Information Systems, 10/e Raymond McLeod and George Schell
End-user Computing
End-user computing (EUC) is the development by users of all or parts of their information systems.
EUC has 4 main influences:
The impact of computer education.
The information services backlog.
Low-cost hardware.
Prewritten software.
© 2007 by Prentice Hall
Management Information Systems, 10/e Raymond McLeod and George Schell

12. Management Information Systems, 10/e Raymond McLeod and George Schell
Benefits of EUC
Match capabilities and challenges.
Reduce the communication gap.
© 2007 by Prentice Hall
Management Information Systems, 10/e Raymond McLeod and George Schell

13. Management Information Systems, 10/e Raymond McLeod and George Schell
Risks of EUC
Poorly targeted systems.
Poorly designed and documented systems.
Inefficient use of information resources.
Loss of data integrity.
Loss of security.
Loss of control.
© 2007 by Prentice Hall
Management Information Systems, 10/e Raymond McLeod and George Schell

14. Management Information Systems, 10/e Raymond McLeod and George Schell
Education Criteria, Knowledge, and Skills Needed for Careers in Information Systems
Systems development knowledge
Computer literacy
Information literacy
Business fundamentals
Systems theory
Systems development process
Systems life cycle (SLC) and Systems development life cycle (SDLC)
Systems modeling
© 2007 by Prentice Hall
Management Information Systems, 10/e Raymond McLeod and George Schell

15. Table 4.1 Knowledge Requirements
© 2007 by Prentice Hall
Management Information Systems, 10/e Raymond McLeod and George Schell

16. Education Criteria, …(Cont’d)
Systems development skills
Communications skills
Analytical ability
Creativity
Leadership
© 2007 by Prentice Hall
Management Information Systems, 10/e Raymond McLeod and George Schell

17. Table 4.2 Skill Requirements
© 2007 by Prentice Hall
Management Information Systems, 10/e Raymond McLeod and George Schell

18. Managing the Knowledge Represented by the Firm’s Information Resources
Office automation includes all of the formal and informal electronic systems primarily concerned with the communication of information to and from persons both inside and outside the firm.
Shift from clerical to managerial problem solving.
© 2007 by Prentice Hall
Management Information Systems, 10/e Raymond McLeod and George Schell

19. Management Information Systems, 10/e Raymond McLeod and George Schell
The Virtual Office
Telecommuting describes how employees could electronically “commute” to work.
Hoteling is when the firm provides a central facility that can be shared by employees as the need for office space and support arises.
© 2007 by Prentice Hall
Management Information Systems, 10/e Raymond McLeod and George Schell

20. The Virtual Office (Cont’d)
Advantages
Reduced facility cost.
Reduced equipment cost.
Reduced work stoppages.
Social contribution.
Disadvantages
Low morale.
Fear of security risks.
© 2007 by Prentice Hall
Management Information Systems, 10/e Raymond McLeod and George Schell

21. The Virtual Organization
Three I Economy is those industries that are most attracted to the concept of the virtual office and the virtual organization and those that add value in the form of information, ideas, and intelligence.
© 2007 by Prentice Hall
Management Information Systems, 10/e Raymond McLeod and George Schell

22. Management Information Systems, 10/e Raymond McLeod and George Schell
The Human Element
Most important ingredient in the development and use of information systems.
Main players
Users
Information specialists
© 2007 by Prentice Hall
Management Information Systems, 10/e Raymond McLeod and George Schell