1. COMPARING THE COLONIES
New England

2. Present Day States- Mass., N.H., R.I., Conn.
Founded by Puritans
Origin of Population- British

3. Geography and Climate Thin Rocky Soil Heavily Forested Warm Summers
Long Cold Winters

4. Livelihoods- how people made their living
Subsistence Farming- only enough to support family
Lumber, Shipbuilding, Fishing, Whaling

5. Products
Lumber
Fish
Whale Oil
Ships

6. Labor Force Family- large #’s of kids Indentured Servants
Apprenticeships- learn trade in exchange for labor- NO PAY
Usu. Boys Training lasted 6-7 years.

7. Important People John Winthrop Roger Williams Anne Hutchinson
Thomas Hooker

8. Important Cities
Boston
Providence, RI
Hartford, CN

9. Education Most educated colonies!
Public education- Reading, Writing, and Math- Mandatory attendance
Boys and Girls
First college- Harvard (1636)

10. Other Religious Intolerance Theocracy
Salem Witch Trials- reaction by Puritan Church over loss of power and control

11. Town Meeting- make laws
Meeting House- church, school, gov’t building, courthouse
Houses- two story- wood siding (Clapboard)

12. Many colonial laws and punishments based on NE.
Whipping
Branding orWear letter
Stocks (Feet) and Pillories (head and hands)
Dunking Stool
Hanging

13. MIDDLE COLONIES NY, PA, NJ, DE
Founded by a variety of groups- both cultural and religious
British, Dutch, Swedish, Scots, Irish, Germans
Quakers, Catholics, Anglican, Baptist

14. Geography & Climate Flat Land- very fertile soil Well Irrigated
Long hot summers
Mild winters

15. Livelihoods Commercial Farming- cash crops Manufacturing
“BREADBASKET COLONIES”
Manufacturing

16. Products Meat, grain (wheat and corn), dairy, cheese- HUGE AMOUNTS
Clocks, Guns, Glass, Paper, stoneware, IRON ORE

17. Labor Force
More slavery than NE
Many Indentured Servants

18. Important People Ben Franklin- see later notes
John Peter Zenger- fought for freedom of the press
William Penn

19. Cities
Philadelphia
New York City

20. Education Boys attended private schools- only the wealthy could afford
Girls educated at home
No mandatory attendence

21. Other Log Cabins in country- (Swedish) Brick in cities- (Dutch)
MOST TOLERANT and MOST DIVERSE of 3 regions due to diversity of ethnic and religious groups

22. SOUTHERN COLONIES MD, VA, NC, SC, GA
Founded by farmers, debtors, people trying to get rich (Jamestown)
BRITISH and ANGLICAN- colonies most like old England

23. Geography and Climate Flat land, fertile soil, swamps (rice)
Tidewater- Area from coast to miles inland
Long, hot wet summers
Little or no winter

24. Livelihood FARMING- 2 types
Plantations- commercial farming, cash crops- TOBACCO, RICE, INDIGO- (No cotton until 1800’s)
Planters-rich plant. Owners- Will control Southern society

25. 3. Small Farmers- 90% of population- subsistence farming
MOST PEOPLE IN THE SOUTH WERE SMALL FARMERS THAT OWNED NO SLAVES!
4. Little or no manufacturing

26. Products
Tobacco
Rice
Indigo

27. Labor Supply Slaves- Why
One time expense- owned for life, including children
Africans used to hot humid climate
Couldn’t escape- skin color, no friends
Racism- thought of as animals, less than whites

28. People
Oglethorpe
Lord Baltimore
John Smith
John Rolfe

29. Cities
Jamestown/ Williamsburg
Charleston, SC
Savannah, GA

30. Education Least educated colonies Private tutors for Planter’s sons
Most else were uneducated

31. Other
Planter control of all aspects of society- politics, economics, social status and roles
Most like England in description of society

32. Backcountry Runs along Appalachian Mts. Small subsistence farmers
Variety of nationalities
As population grows, will lead to further conflicts with NA.

33. Social Class
Much more social mobility than in England or rest of Europe.
Gentry- Upper Class- 10%
Middle Class- 70%- farmers, merchants, craftsmen, tradespeople
Lower Class- 20%- meaner sort- laborers, indent. serv., slaves

34. Much different social structure than in England
Much different social structure than in England. Will lead to growing differences in opinion and culture between Much larger middle class; wealthier, better educated- will demand political and economic power from England
(Triangle vs. Diamond)

35. BEN FRANKLIN Born- Boston, 1706 (one of 17 children!)
Apprenticeship as printer
Moved to Philadelphia at 17
Very successful printer

36. Poor Richard’s Almanac- calendar, useful info, witty sayings
“Stitch in time saves nine
“Penny saved is a penny earned
“Early to bed, early to rise…”
“Fish and visitors smell in 3 days”
3 may keep a secret if 2 of them are dead.

37. Inventor
Franklin Stove
Bifocals
Lightening Rod

38. Civic Leader in Philly Paved Streets Streetlamps
Fire and Police Department
First public library in America
Helped found U of Penn.

39. National Leader Signed Declaration of Independence
Ambassador to France
Minister at Treaty of Paris 1783
First Postmaster General
Constitutional Convention
$100 Bill