1. The English Colonies Part 1
APUSH
Mrs. Housenick
8/27/12

2. The 13 Colonies 1. Virginia 4. Maryland 11. Carolina 2. New Hampshire
5. Connecticut
12. Pennsylvania
6. Rhode Island
3. Massachusetts (included Plymouth, Massachusetts Bay Colony and Maine)
13. Georgia
7. Delaware
8. North Carolina
9. New York
10. New Jersey

3. Colonial Regions
New England: New Hampshire, Massachusetts, Connecticut, Rhode Island
Middle: Pennsylvania, New York, New Jersey, Delaware
Southern: North Carolina, Carolina, Georgia, Maryland, Virginia

4. Virginia
Child of Tobacco

5. John Rolfe
Father of the tobacco industry, helped save the Virginia colony by helping them figure out this cash crop, how to sell it to Europe

6. Early Colonial Tobacco
1618 — Virginia produces 20,000 pounds of tobacco.
1622 — Despite losing nearly one-third of its colonists in an Indian attack, Virginia produces 60,000 pounds of tobacco.
1627 — Virginia produces 500,000 pounds of tobacco.
1629 — Virginia produces 1,500,000 pounds of tobacco.

7. Tobacco Prices:

8. Virginia House of Burgesses
Set precedent for self-government in American colonies

9. Maryland: Haven for Catholics
Founded in 1634 by Lord Baltimore
Partly for $, partly to provide refuge for fellow Catholics in England
Tensions between Catholics who got land on huge estates and backcountry Protestants
Was successful due to tobacco economy

10. Indentured Servitude
Came to Maryland and other colonies to work on farms in exchange for wealthy farmer paying their passage to America.
Main source of labor until late 1600s when more black slaves brought in.

11. Act of Toleration
Passed because large numbers of Protestants coming into Maryland made Catholics nervous
Granted tolerance for all Christians
Death penalty for anyone who denied holiness of Jesus
Still, provided shelter for Catholics.

12. The West Indies
British started to colonies in mid-1600s as Spanish lost control off area
Sugar main cash crop—only wealthy growers could make it
Sugar lords imported thousands of slaves to work sugar plantations
Passed slave codes to deny rights to slaves and give total control to masters
Ex: Barbados Slave Code

13. Colonizing the Carolinas
Created in 1670 when King Charles granted land to wealthy lords
Close economic ties to sugar islands of West Indies
Slaves started coming into Carolina

14. Crops of the Carolinas
Rice
Indigo

15. North Carolina Est. 1712 as separate royal colony from SC
Peopled by poor farmers who came down from VA—discontent, resistant to authority.
NC became one of most democratic, independent-minded and least aristocratic colonies.
Wars with Indians continued—native population in South destroyed by 1720.

16. Georgia: The Buffer Colony
Founded in 1733-last of 12 colonies
Meant to be a buffer to protect Carolinas from Spaniards in Florida and French in Louisiana
Also, meant to be a haven for debtors

17. “The Charity Colony”
James Oglethorpe

18. The Plantation Colonies

19. Discuss:
What did the plantation colonies have in common?

20. The New England Colonies
Religious motivations key, unlike profit motive in Southern Colonies.
Protestant Reformation began movement of people discontent with Church of England.
Separatists were harassed by king who didn't’t want people to challenge his authority.

21. Pilgrims at Plymouth Wanted total separation from Church of England
Arrived at Plymouth, Massachusetts in 1620 from Mayflower
Had signed Mayflower Compact—agreement to form government based on will of majority step towards self-government

22. The Mayflower Compact November 11, 1620

23. William Bradford

24. The Growth of the Massachusetts Bay Colony
Founded by non-Separatist Puritans
Claimed didn’t want to start new church, just purify existing church
Large population
Started with 1000 immigrants, during Great Migration of 1630s, got 20,000 more

25. We shall be as a city on a hill..
John Winthrop
We shall be as a city on a hill..

26. Life in Massachusetts Bay Colony
Only male church members could vote
Religious leaders had much control
Non-Protestants and other rebels persecuted
Anne Hutchinson kicked out of Bay Colony for being heresy
Challenged idea that the “saved” needed to follow laws of Church
Went into exile in New York, killed by Indians

27. The Rhode Island “Sewer”
Founded by Roger Williams in 1636
Also kicked out of Bay Colony
Challenged Bay Colony’s treatment of Indians and government’s right to require church attendance
Most liberal of all colonies
Total religious toleration for ALL
At first, all men could vote (later property requirement)
Became haven for rebels, free thinkers who couldn’t make it in Massachusetts Bay Colony

28. Connecticut and New Hampshire
Connecticut founded in 1639 by Puritans
Governed by Fundamental Orders of Connecticut—first modern constitution in colonies, gave citizens much control
New Hampshire—royal colony, made money from trading and fishing

29. Discuss:
What did the New England colonies have in common?

30. Dutch Settlements in America
In 1600s, Dutch golden age—much exploration and colonizing
Sent Henry Hudson to explore New World—found Hudson River in New York
Established New Netherland with main city of New Amsterdam to help the Dutch West India Company’s fur trade
Problems with leadership and shareholders and conflicts with Indians, British and Swedes

31. The British Get New York
New Netherlands never main concern for Dutch and by 1664, ½ of people living there were British
English saw Dutch as intruders and sent squadron to shores of New Amsterdam
Dutch didn’t put up a fight
English renamed settlement New York and now controlled East Coast from Maine to Carolinas
Still, remnants of Dutch remained—stayed aristocratic, Dutch names, architecture, customs

32. Penn’s Holy Experiment
Quakers arose in England in mid-1600s—religious dissenters
Believed all people equal under God, against oaths, and all wars
William Penn became Quaker at 16, looked to New World as haven for Quakers
King gave land grant to PennPennsylvania
Best advertised colony, liberal land policy attracted many immigrants

33. Quaker Pennsylvania
Fair treatment of Native Americans good relationship at first
Changed as more non-Quakers came in
Liberal government—representative assembly, no state-supported church, freedom of worship for all (but Catholics and Jews couldn’t vote or hold office
No military defense and among first to stand up against slavery

34. Other Middle Colonies
New Jersey—also Quaker settlement
Delaware—closely associated with Pennsylvania and Quakers

35. Discuss:
What were some similarities of the Middle Colonies?