1. Louis XVI
of France
Louis XIV
of France
James I
of England
Catherine
the Great
Charles I
of England
Maria Theresa

2. Referred to as the “Sun King”
Built the Palace of Versailles
Spent lots of $
Never summoned Estates-General
(law-making body)
Married Marie Antoinette
Last Bourbon King before the onset of the French Revolution
Spent lavish amounts of $
partitioned Poland allowed Russia to get warm water port on Black Sea
gave landlords more power than ever after a peasant uprising
Reformed education
Tried to raise taxes without consent of Parliament
Wanted to have absolute power
His actions led to the English Civil War
1st monarch to be beheaded by his own people
She was the only woman ruler in the 650 history of the Habsburg dynasty
Strengthened the army
Promoted economic reforms
Her daughter, Marie Antoinette, married Louis XVI
-Did not respect tradition of
shared power w/ parliament
-Preferred to rule by divine right
-came to power after the death of Elizabeth I

3. Frederick II
(the Great)
Oliver Cromwell
Cardinal
Richelieu
Peter the Great
Phillip II
Ivan the Terrible

4. Wanted to “Westernize” his country
strong military leader expanded Prussian territory through series of war ex. War of Austrian Succession and the 7 Years War
modernized bureaucracy & civil service
promoted religious tolerance
Ruled for Louis XIII b/c the king was a child
Weakened the nobles and increased taxes
Wanted to “Westernize” his country
Built St. Petersburg to be a western city, moved the Russian capital there as a port on the Baltic Sea and base for his naval fleet
Led the army that defeated King Charles I
Lord Protector under the
Commonwealth
Believed in religious tolerance except for Catholics
Son of Charles V
Married “bloody Mary”
Wanted to make England Catholic again
Elizabeth I defeated his fleet of ships called the Spanish Armada
ruled with brutality and was paranoid
expanded and unified Russia creating a small empire & regional power
killed his own son, the heir to the throne, in a fit of rage