1. Introductions
Your introduction will be the first paragraph of your essay.
The thesis should appear at the end of the introduction.
Do not begin your introduction with a question.
Do not begin your introduction with a scope greater than the geographical and historical scope of your essay. Never write, “Since the beginning of time” or “Throughout history.”

2. Introductions
Your introduction is meant to orient your reader. Where are you talking about? When? What are you proposing to leave, and what direction are you proposing to go in?
You should touch on every key element in your thesis in your introduction. Your introduction, first of all, introduces your thesis.
With regard to a government or an institution, the area of responsibility of the government or institution might be enough to introduce that element in your thesis.

3. Introductions
Do not use a hook. Your introduction should be interesting, but that is because your thesis should be interesting to the people who are affected by the problem you are addressing.

4. Conclusions
Your conclusion should restate your thesis in a way that is made possible by the points of your essay. Your concluding thesis will probably be slightly longer than the thesis of your introduction.
Your conclusion should give a sense of completeness to your essay.
Your conclusion should reinforce your thesis.

5. Conclusions
Do not introduce material in your conclusion that will distract from your thesis.
Do not introduce material in your conclusion that is essential to your thesis. That material should be in the body of your essay.
Do not introduce objections or limitations in your conclusion. If it is necessary to explicitly discuss objections or limitations then discuss them in the body of your essay.

6. Conclusions
A conclusion will likely point to the collective future that you anticipate if your proposal is accepted.