1. By: Susan M. Pojer Horace Greeley H.S. Chappaqua, NY
Final Regents
Review:
GREECE
By: Susan M. Pojer Horace Greeley H.S. Chappaqua, NY

2. The Geography of Greece

3. Archaic
Greece:
1650 BCE BCE

4. Bronze Age Greece

5. Mycenaeans
First group of Indo-Europeans to settle on the Greek Mainland
Sometime after 1500BC, the Mycenaeans come into contact with the Minoan civilization.
Learn the value of seaborne trade
Mycenaeans adopt the Minoan form of writing
Also adopted religious practice

6. Crete: Minoan Civilization (Palace at Knossos)

7. Knossos: Minoan Civilization

8. Minoan Civilization

9. The Mycenaean Civilization

10. Dorians Not long after Trojan War, Mycenaean civilization collapsed
Far less advanced civilization moved in called the Dorians
Greeks lose the art of writing under the Dorians (known as the Dark Age of Greece)

11. Homer: The “Heroic Age”

12. Homer Greeks learned about their history through the spoken word.
Greatest storyteller of all was Homer.

13. The Mask of Agamemnon

14. "Hellenic"
(Classical)
Greece:
700 BCE BCE

15. Warring City-States
Polis—fundamental political unit (similar to city-states of Mesopotamia)
Acropolis—fortified hilltop
Monarchy—single person rule (king)
Aristocracy—ruled by small group of nobles
Oligarchy—ruled by a few powerful people
Tyrants—powerful individuals who gained control of a city-state’s government by appealing to the poor for support

16. ATHENS: Yesterday & Today

17. Athens builds a limited Democracy
Democracy—rule by the people
Citizens participate directly in decision making
Athens emphasized the importance of education, learning, and building a strong democracy

18. Early Athenian Lawgivers
Draco
“draconian”
Solon
Cleisthenes
created the first democracy!

19. Persian Wars: 499 BCE – 480 BCE

20. Persian Wars Fought between the Greeks and the Persians
Led to a new sense of confidence for the Greek city-states
Phalanx—military formation would become the most powerful fighting force in the ancient world

21. Persian Wars: Famous Battles
Marathon (490 BCE)
26 miles from Athens
Thermopylae (480 BCE)
300 Spartans at the Mountain pass
Salamis (480 BCE)
Athenian navy victorious

22. Golden “Age of Pericles”: 460 BCE – 429 BCE

23. Great Athenian Philosophers
Socrates
Know thyself!
question everything (examine your beliefs) (Socratic Method)
only the pursuit of goodness brings happiness.
Plato
The Academy
The Republic  philosopher-king
About his vision of a perfectly governed society

24. Great Athenian Philosophers
Aristotle
The Lyceum
“Golden Mean” [everything in moderation].
Logic.
Scientific method.
Most famous students was:
Alexander the Great

25. Classical Art Sculpture Writers Architects
Values of harmony, order, balance, and proportion

26. Athens: The Arts & Sciences
DRAMA (tragedians):
Aeschylus
Sophocles
Euripides
THE SCIENCES:
Pythagoras
Democritus  all matter made up of small atoms.
Hippocrates  “Father of Medicine”

27. Phidias’ Acropolis

28. The Acropolis Today

29. The Parthenon

30. The Agora

31. The Classical Greek “Ideal”

32. Olympia

33. The Ancient Olympics: Athletes & Trainers

34. Olympia: Temple to Hera

35. The 2004 Olympics

36. SPARTA

37. Sparta
Focused on developing their military strength and power

38. SPARTA
Helots  Messenians enslaved by the Spartans.

39. Peloponnesian Wars

40. Peloponnesian Wars Fought between Athens and Sparta
Athens (strong navy)
Sparta (strong army and better location)
Leads to the surrender of the Athenian city-state

41. Macedonia Under Philip II

42. Phillip II Leader of Macedonia (kingdom north of Greece)
Would conquer Greece in 338 BCE

43. "Hellenistic"
Greece:
324 BCE BCE

44. Hellenistic Relating to the civilization of Greek world
Language, art, science, and literature
From the reign of Alexander the Great

45. Alexander the Great

46. Alexander the Great’s Empire

47. Alexander the Great King of Macedonia
Dreamed of taking control of Greece and Persia
Armies used the phalanx technique to conquer Greece but he was killed before he could take over Persia

48. Alexander the Great in Persia

49. The Hellenization of Asia

50. Pergamum: A Hellenistic City

51. Colossus of Rhodes

52. The Economy of the Hellenistic World

53. Alexandria City located in North Africa
Becomes the foremost center of commerce and Hellenistic civilization.

54. Hellenistic Philosophers
Cynics  Diogenes
ignore social conventions & avoid luxuries.
citizens of the world.
live a humble, simple life.
Epicurians  Epicurus
avoid pain & seek pleasure.
all excess leads to pain!
politics should be avoided.

55. Hellenistic Philosophers
Stoics  Zeno
nature is the expansion of divine will.
concept of natural law.
get involved in politics, not for personal gain, but to perform virtuous acts for the good of all.
true happiness is found in great achievements.

56. Hellenism: The Arts & Sciences
Scientists / Mathematicians:
Aristarchus  heliocentric theory.
Euclid  geometry
Most famous writings are titled the Elements
Archimedes  pulley
Hellenistic Art:
More realistic; less ideal than Hellenic art.
Showed individual emotions, wrinkles, and age!

57. The Breakup of Alexander’s Empire