1. Global issues in allergy and immunology: Parasitic infections and allergy 
Alvaro A. Cruz, MD, Philip J. Cooper, MD, PhD, Camila A. Figueiredo, PhD, Neuza M. Alcantara-Neves, MD, PhD, Laura C. Rodrigues, MD, PhD, Mauricio L. Barreto, MD, PhD 
Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 
Volume 140, Issue 5, Pages (November 2017)
DOI: /j.jaci
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2. Fig 1
Typical features of a rural household in a village in the municipality of Conde, Brazil, in which the prevalence of helminth infections was 83.5% (picture taken in 2005).5
Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology  , DOI: ( /j.jaci )
Copyright © 2017 American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Terms and Conditions

3. Fig 2
Typical urban underserved neighborhood of Salvador, Brazil, in which the prevalence of helminth infection among children was less than 20%.6 Figure Attribution: original image by user sergio_65_ita (Sussuarana [Salvador] - DSC03080 [CC BY 2.0; via Wikimedia Commons.
Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology  , DOI: ( /j.jaci )
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4. Fig 3
Schematic representation summarizing findings from epidemiologic studies on the relationships between helminth parasites, atopy, and asthma.
Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology  , DOI: ( /j.jaci )
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5. Fig 4
Helminths suppress autoimmunity and allergy through type 2 or regulatory immune response. Immunomodulatory molecules (IMs) of parasites activate innate immune cells that promote either TH2 or Treg cell responses. IMs that induce TGF-β and IL-10 production by dendritic cells or macrophages (Mø) prime IL-10–or TGF-β–producing Treg cells to suppress TH2, TH1, or TH17 responses. A separate set of helminth-derived IMs activate type 2 innate cells, including basophils, M2 macrophages, and ILC2s, and induce innate IL-4 production, which drives differentiation of TH2 cells. TH2 cells and type 2 innate immune cells can suppress TH1 and TH17 responses.
Modified from Finlay et al.47
Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology  , DOI: ( /j.jaci )
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6. Fig 5
Pathway analysis using PANTHER, version 11,49 for the top SNPs associated in GWASs for asthma to date. EGF, Epidermal growth factor; FGF, fibroblast growth factor; JAK/STAT, Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription; PDGF, platelet-derived growth factor.
Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology  , DOI: ( /j.jaci )
Copyright © 2017 American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Terms and Conditions