1. Early Globalization Vocabulary
Define the following terms: caravel, colony, conquistador, mercantilism, plantations, Middle Passage, culture, export, peninsulare, mestizo, creole, mulatto, encomienda, mita, circumnavigate, mercantilism, tariff, immunity

2. Copy the following questions in your notebook, and think about how you would answer them.
Why did Europeans want to travel to Asia?
What were the motives behind European exploration?
How were European voyages made possible?
Which countries were involved in this exploration?
What was the Columbian Exchange?

3. The Age of Exploration

5. Europe’s relative isolation for nearly 1,000 years

6. World Known to Europeans

7. World Known to Europeans

8. World Known to Europeans

9. Why did Europeans want to travel to Asia?

10. Early European Exploration
During the 1300s, Europeans depended on Asian sources for its spices
The Spice Trade and $$$- China & India, Arab-Muslim traders, Venetian traders
By the 1400s, Europeans were looking for their own trade routes to Asia. Why?

11. Motives behind Europe’s desire to explore and discover new trade routes:
increased profits from Asian goods
desire to spread Christianity
curiosity and learning
adventure and glory

12. How were the European voyages made possible?
the increasing wealth and power of the European monarchies
changes in technology
expanded world views inspired by Renaissance thinkers

13. Which countries were involved?
Portugal
Spain
The Dutch Republic (Netherlands)
England
France

15. European Exploration Early Exploration The Vikings, 1000 A.D.
Prelude to the Age of Exploration
Christian Crusades (11th-14th centuries)
Marco Polo, The Travels of Marco Polo (1295)
European desire for foreign goods from the East
The Renaissance (14th century)
curiosity and knowledge
printing press
The development of nation-states (15th - 18th centuries)

16. Portuguese naval technology- Prince Henry the Navigator
Portugal
Portuguese naval technology- Prince Henry the Navigator
Ceuta, 1415
Sagres, 1419
compass, astrolabe, maps
changes in ship construction (caravel), use of lateen sails
exploration encouraged along western coast of Africa
1440s, Portugal reached the Gold Coast
1448, Portugal established trade posts in Africa
Henry died in 1460
Bartholomeu Días, 1488
Vasco da Gama, 1498

17. The Caravel

18. Spain Christopher Columbus The Treaty of Tordesillas (1494)
Expulsion of the Muslims (Moors) from Spanish Peninsula
Spanish unity- Ferdinand of Aragon and Isabella of Castile (1469)
Spain’s focus was on exploration westward
Christopher Columbus
Columbus presented his “Enterprise of the Indies” plan to Portugal in 1484
Columbus’ beliefs
Columbus’ needs
Columbus’ search for financial backing
Spring of Columbus and Hispaniola
The Treaty of Tordesillas (1494)
established a line that divided the newly explored regions. Portugal would control territories east of the line (African coast and Brazil), and Spain would control lands west of the line (most of the Americas)
Amerigo Vespucci

19. A new global economy began to emerge.
Consequence?
A new global economy began to emerge.

20. Columbian Exchange
The Columbian Exchange was the interchange of plants, animals, and other organisms between the Old World (Europe) and the New World (the Americas).
Today, three-fifths of the food produced in the world originated in the Americas (see p.60 in World History textbook)
European arrival and the consequences for the native inhabitants in the Americas

22. New World Origins Old World Origins persimmon beans
bell and hot peppers
blueberry
cranberry
maize or corn
manioc
papaya
pineapple
pumpkin
squash
sweet potato
white potato
tobacco
tomato
wild rice
syphilis (possibly reintroduced into Europe)
Old World Origins
apple
beet
cabbage
carrot
celery
cucumber
eggplant
grapefruit
lemon
peach
plum
olives
sugarcane
measles
horses
cholera
cattle
whooping cough
sheep
typhus
swine

23. Writing Assignment
Analyze the reasons why Native Americans it both North and South America might be offended by the term “New World.” What does the use of the term suggest about European attitudes toward the rest of the world? Refer to the Treaty of Tordesillas and use other specific examples.

24. Factors contributing to European overseas exploration:

25. Mercantilism: a set of principles that dominated economic thought on the seventeenth century; it held that the prosperity of a nation depended on a large supply of gold and silver

26. Mercantilism
manufactured goods
Mother
Country
Colony
raw materials

27. Sugar

28. Sugar Plantation

29. The Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade
1498, Christopher Columbus and Slaves
1518, first Spanish boatload of slaves to the Americas
Native Americans and Slavery
African Slaves and European Slave Merchants
How did merchants acquire slaves to sell?
Slavery in Africa and Slavery in the Americas
The Middle Passage
The Slave Auction in the Americas
A Slave’s Life
Protest from African Rulers
How did the slave trade profit Europe?
Why didn’t Europe protest the slave trade?
The later decades of the slave trade

30. Triangular Trade

31. View of a ship’s hold shows plan for transporting slaves to the Americas. Up to 35 percent did not survive the journey across the Atlantic known as the Middle Passage.

32. A buyer inspects slaves at a Brazilian slave market
A buyer inspects slaves at a Brazilian slave market. Most of the African slaves went to South America and the Caribbean.