1. Early Civilizations in the Americas Part III: Aztec and Part IV: Inca

2. ASSIGNED WHEN WORK IS NOT TURNED IN!
REVIEW
IN-CLASS ASSIGNMENTS:
Due at the end of class
TUTORIALS:
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3. The AZTEC (1200-1519) The Legend Tenochtitlan Present Day Mexico City

4. They extended their empire to include People in surrounding areas
They forced tribute payments
Many indigenous peoples in Latin
America trace their roots back here
Very significant impact on history

5. A problem...lack of arable farm land
CHINAMPAS
tomatoes, peppers, avocadoes, corn

6. Girls were taught by their mothers & women stayed busy at their homes
Boys and Men were dedicated
to WARFARE...
Umbilical cords
Becoming a man
Method of capture
Social Mobility

7. Thought Illnesses were a Punishment from the gods
Huitzilopochtli ~ the
Aztec Sun God...battled
Evil each night
Offered thousands of
Human sacrifices each
Year to appease him
(about 100 or so per day)
Thought Illnesses were a
Punishment from the gods

8. Slaves, prisoners of war or even Aztec people were used as sacrifices
It was considered an honor to the Aztec

9. Diseases due to Lack of Immunity Hernan Cortez 1519 600 men
Horses, cannons,
Armor, steel swords

10. Montezuma II...Aztec Emperor
Gave gold
& Gifts
Taken hostage
Diseases had
Weakened them
Killed in
Tenochtitlan
Conquistadors
1521 ~ Cortez seized Tenochtitlan
Present day ~ Mexico City

11. The INCA (1100-1532) The LARGEST civilization in Latin Amer.
6-8 million people
Origins unclear
NO written History
Andes Mts. in p.d. Peru

12. Capital: CUZCO (shaped like a puma)
Inca Kings: son of the SUN
Inca Queens: daughter of the Moon

13. Took on many INCA beliefs
Conquered People
Maintained own rule
Took on many INCA beliefs
Could accept or become enslaved
Had to prove loyalty by sending
valuable treasures to CUZCO

14. Achievements Expert Builders no written plans,
no mortar...perfectly cut stones
Road system miles long, paved
Relays, rest houses, all on foot

15. Expert Metalworkers copper, bronze, tin, gold, iron (no steel)
Quipu
Terrace Farming

16. Medical Feats Amputations Brain Surgeries Sutures Blood Transfusions

17. Worshiped INTI the SUN GOD
Chosen Women worked from a young
age then were sacrificed

18. 1532 The Arrival of Europeans
Francisco Pizarro from Spain
Atahualpa: the last Incan King

19. The Inca were weakened by diseases brought by the Europeans and by a
civil war between themselves...
Atahualpa Captured
Room full of GOLD
On trial...executed
Leaderless...soon fell to Spanish
in 1533

20. Profound effects of European Colonization...
conquest
death of native Americans
cultural diffusion
Inter-marriage
imperialism
migration
Slave Trade