1. Chapter 10 Chemical Quantities
10.1 The Mole: A Measurement of Matter
10.2 Mole-Mass and Mole-Volume Relationships
10.3 Percent Composition and Chemical Formulas
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2. The Mole-Mass Relationship
What is the mass of one mole of Iodine?
Look at the periodic table – the atomic mass of iodine is g so that is the mass of one mole of iodine.
If asking about iodine gas (a diatomic molecule) it would be twice that = g
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3. The Mole-Mass Relationship
2. What is the molar mass of C2H6?
You have 2 atoms of carbon and 6 of hydrogen.
Look at the periodic table for the molar mass of each element:
Carbon’s mass is g and Hydrogen’s mass is g
So, (2 X g) + (6 X g) = g
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4. The Mole-Mass Relationship
3. What is the molar mass of Mg(NO2)2?
You have 1 magnesium atom, 2 nitrogen atoms and 4 oxygen atoms.
Look at the periodic table for the molar mass of each element:
Magnesium is g, nitrogen is g, and oxygen is g.
So, g + (2X g) + (4X g) =
116.32g
5 sig figs!!
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5. The Mole-Mass Relationship
Molar mass is used to convert between mass and moles.
molar mass = 1 mol
molar mass
1 mol
and
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6. Converting Moles to Mass
Sample Problem 10.5
Converting Moles to Mass
1. What is the mass, in grams, of 2.1 moles of Al?
2. What is the mass, in grams of 2.1 moles of AlCl3
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7. Converting Moles to Mass
Sample Problem 10.5
Converting Moles to Mass
1. What is the mass, in grams, of 2.1 moles of Al?
57 g
2. What is the mass, in grams of 2.1 moles of AlCl3
280 g
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8. Converting Mass to Moles
Sample Problem 10.6
Converting Mass to Moles
How many moles are in 0.37 g of boron?
How many moles are in 75 g of dinitrogen trioxide?
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9. Converting Mass to Moles
Sample Problem 10.6
Converting Mass to Moles
How many moles are in 0.37 g of boron?
mol B
How many moles are in 75 g of dinitrogen trioxide?
0.99 mol N2O3
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10. The Mole-Mass Relationship
Do Now:
How many moles of NaCl are in grams of NaCl?
How many molecules of CO2 are in grams of CO2?
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11. The Mole-Volume Relationship
Avogadro’s Hypothesis
At STP, 1 mol of any gas occupies 22.4 L.
STP - Standard temperature & pressure
0°C and kPa, or 1 atmosphere (atm).
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12. The Mole-Mass Relationship
Molar volume of a gas can be used to convert between volume and moles.
molar volume of a gas = 22.4 L = 1 mol
22.4 L
1 mol
and
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13. The Mole-Volume Relationship
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14. Calculating Gas Quantities at STP
Sample Problem 10.7
Calculating Gas Quantities at STP
Determine the volume, in liters, of 3.7 mol N2 gas at STP.
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15. Calculating Gas Quantities at STP
Sample Problem 10.7
Calculating Gas Quantities at STP
Determine the volume, in liters, of 3.7 mol N2 gas at STP.
82.9 L N2
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16. Calculating Gas Quantities at STP
Sample Problem 10.7
Calculating Gas Quantities at STP
Determine the number of moles of SO2 in 67.2 L SO2, at STP.
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17. Calculating Gas Quantities at STP
Sample Problem 10.7
Calculating Gas Quantities at STP
Determine the number of moles of SO2 in 67.2 L SO2, at STP.
3.0 mol SO2
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18. The Mole-Volume Relationship
Calculating Molar Mass and Density
Density and molar volume at STP can be used to calculate molar mass of a gas.
Molar mass = Density * Molar Volume
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19. Calculating the Molar Mass of a Gas at STP
Sample Problem 10.8
Calculating the Molar Mass of a Gas at STP
A gaseous compound containing sulfur and oxygen has a density of 3.58 g/L at STP. What is the molar mass of the compound?
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20. Calculating the Molar Mass of a Gas at STP
Sample Problem 10.8
Calculating the Molar Mass of a Gas at STP
A gaseous compound containing sulfur and oxygen has a density of 3.58 g/L at STP. What is the molar mass of the compound?
80.2 g/mol
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21. The Mole-Mass Relationship
Do Now:
Table sugar, or sucrose, has the chemical formula C12H22O11.
1 teaspoon of sugar has a mass of 4.2 grams. How many moles of sugar molecules are in 1 teaspoon of sugar?
How many sugar molecules are in 1 teaspoon of sugar?
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22. END OF 10.2
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23. Converting Moles to Mass
Sample Problem 10.5
Converting Moles to Mass
1. What is the mass, in grams, of 2.1 moles of Al?
2.1 mol X molar mass of Al =
1 mol g
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24. Converting Moles to Mass
Sample Problem 10.5
Converting Moles to Mass
1. What is the mass, in grams, of 2.1 moles of Al?
57 g
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25. Converting Moles to Mass
Sample Problem 10.5
Converting Moles to Mass
2. What is the mass, in grams of 2.1 moles of AlCl3
2.1 mol X molar mass of AlCl3
1 mol
133.34g =
g + 3(35.453g)=133.34g
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26. Converting Moles to Mass
Sample Problem 10.5
Converting Moles to Mass
2. What is the mass, in grams of 2.1 moles of AlCl3
280 g
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27. Converting Mass to Moles
Sample Problem 10.6
Converting Mass to Moles
How many moles are in 0.37 g of boron?
0.37g X mol =
molar mass of B
10.81 g
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28. Converting Mass to Moles
Sample Problem 10.6
Converting Mass to Moles
How many moles are in 0.37 g of boron?
mol B
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29. Converting Mass to Moles
Sample Problem 10.6
Converting Mass to Moles
How many moles are in 75 g of dinitrogen trioxide?
75g X mol =
mol mass of N2O3 g
2 ( g) + 3 ( g) = g
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30. Converting Mass to Moles
Sample Problem 10.6
Converting Mass to Moles
How many moles are in 75 g of dinitrogen trioxide?
0.99 mol N2O3
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31. The Mole-Mass Relationship
How many moles of NaCl are in grams of NaCl?
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32. The Mole-Mass Relationship
How many moles of NaCl are in grams of NaCl?
100.0 g X 1 mol/molar mass of NaCl=
100.0 g X 1 mol/( g g) =
100.0g X 1 mol/58.443g = mol
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33. The Mole-Mass Relationship
2. How many molecules of CO2 are in grams of CO2?
100.0 g X 1 mol/molar mass of CO2 =
100.0 g X 1 mol/ ( g + 2( g) ) =
100.0 g X 1 mol/ g = mol
2.722 mol X 6.02X1023 molecules / 1 mol = X 1024molecules
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34. The Mole-Volume Relationship
Avogadro’s Hypothesis
At STP, 1 mol of any gas occupies 22.4 L.
STP - Standard temperature & pressure
0°C and kPa, or 1 atmosphere (atm).
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35. The Mole-Mass Relationship
Molar volume of a gas can be used to convert between volume and moles.
molar volume of a gas = 22.4 L = 1 mol
22.4 L
1 mol
and
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36. The Mole-Volume Relationship
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37. Calculating Gas Quantities at STP
Sample Problem 10.7
Calculating Gas Quantities at STP
Determine the volume, in liters, of 3.70 mol N2 gas at STP
3.70 mol X 22.4 L =
1 mol
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38. 82.9 L N2 Calculating Gas Quantities at STP
Sample Problem 10.7
Calculating Gas Quantities at STP
Determine the volume, in liters, of 3.70 mol N2 gas at STP.
82.9 L N2
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39. Calculating Gas Quantities at STP
Sample Problem 10.7
Calculating Gas Quantities at STP
Determine the number of moles of SO2 in 67.2 L SO2, at STP.
67.2 L X 1 mole/22.4 L =
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40. Calculating Gas Quantities at STP
Sample Problem 10.7
Calculating Gas Quantities at STP
Determine the number of moles of SO2 in 67.2 L SO2, at STP.
3.00 mol SO2
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41. The Mole-Volume Relationship
Calculating Molar Mass and Density
Density and molar volume at STP can be used to calculate molar mass of a gas.
Molar mass = Density * Molar Volume
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42. Calculating the Molar Mass of a Gas at STP
Sample Problem 10.8
Calculating the Molar Mass of a Gas at STP
A gaseous compound containing sulfur and oxygen has a density of 3.58 g/L at STP. What is the molar mass of the compound?
Molar Mass = Density X Molar Volume
Molar Mass = 3.58g/L X 22.4 L =
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43. Calculating the Molar Mass of a Gas at STP
Sample Problem 10.8
Calculating the Molar Mass of a Gas at STP
A gaseous compound containing sulfur and oxygen has a density of 3.58 g/L at STP. What is the molar mass of the compound?
80.2 g/mol
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44. Table sugar, or sucrose, has the chemical formula C12H22O11.
1 teaspoon of sugar has a mass of 4.2 grams. How many moles of sugar molecules are in 1 teaspoon of sugar?
Grams to moles:
4.2 grams X 1 mole/(molar mass of C12H22O11 )= moles C12H22O11
Molar mass of C12H22O11 = 12( g) + 22( ) + 11( ) =
= g
4.2 g X 1mol/342.3g = moles
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45. Moles X molecules/mole = molecules
Table sugar, or sucrose, has the chemical formula C12H22O11. How many sugar molecules are in 1 teaspoon of sugar?
Moles to molecules:
Moles X molecules/mole = molecules
0.012 moles X 6.02X1023 molecules/1 moles =
7.2 X 1021 molecules
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47. END OF 10.2
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