1. Reform & Westward Expansion
Lecture 4

2. Standard
Examine the effects of the Civil War and Reconstruction and of the Industrial Revolution, including demographic shifts and the emergences in the late 19th century of the United States as a world power.
Essential Question: Explain how the Civil War and Reconstruction Era changed the demographics of the United States.

3. 6th President~ John Quincy Adams (1825-1829)
Extension of Voting Rights
Before 1800s
white men w/$$$ who attended church
Early 1800s
given to all white men
Changed who got elected
Power shifted from the super wealthy to a more dynamic process.
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4. 7th President~ Andrew Jackson (1829-1837)
Indian Removal Act, 1830
“voluntary” removal of all Indians S.C. ruled it illegal but Jackson did it anyway
Trail of Tears,
100,000 Indians moved
A Bureau of Indian Affairs was created protect Indian rights/land
SC Supreme Court
Jackson ordinary man, got the vote. War hero in war of 1812
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5. 2nd Great Awakening, 1820s Goal~ moral perfection Civil Disobedience
Led to social reforms
Slavery, women’s suffrage, humane treatment of criminals, etc
Civil Disobedience
Peacefully refuse laws you think are immoral
“Wall of Separation”
Church & State
Charles Finney
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6. Abolitionism, 1830s – 1860s Tried to end slavery in the US
2 million slaves
Slave revolts (200)
Pushed for legal, financial, & social reform
Underground railroad
Harriet Tubman
Led people to freedom from north to south
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7. Women’s Rights Movement
Seneca Falls Convention, 1848
Lucretia Mott, Elizabeth Cady Stanton, & Susan B. Anthony
Declaration of Sentiments
Demanded equality
Borrowed ideas from Declaration of Independence
Ignored
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8. Manifest Destiny, 1840s
US was intended by God to stretch from the Atlantic to the Pacific
Leads to expansion (Oregon, Texas)
War w/ Mexico
Coined by John Sullivan (1845)
This painting (circa 1872) by John Gast called American Progress is an allegorical representation of Manifest Destiny. In the scene, the lady Columbia—a 19th century personification of the United States—carries the light of "civilization" westward with American settlers, as American Indians and wild animals are driven before them. The Mississippi River is behind them, and Columbia strings telegraph wire as she travels.
"it was the nation's manifest destiny to overspread and to possess the whole of the continent which Providence has given us for the development of the great experiment of liberty and federated self-government entrusted to us."
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10. Expansion Mexican-American War, 1846 Gold found in 1849 (CA)
Boarder disputes (Texas & Mexico)
US won, grew by 1/3
fought over new territory (free or slave)?
Gold found in 1849 (CA)
Forty-niners
The Compromise of 1850 made CA a state
Free
Unbalanced
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11. Causes of the Civil War Mexican-American War 2. Sectionalism
Free or slave???
2. Sectionalism
3. Dred Scott decision 1857
The S.C. ruled that a slave is property no matter where they are
This made all states slave states.
slavery
Kansas-Nebraska Act
Bleeding Kansas
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12. A Divided Nation The Election of 1860 South Secedes
Abraham Lincoln (16th pres.)
South Secedes
South Carolina 1st state…6 other states followed…4 more
The Confederate States of America
Confederacy protected individual State rights & slavery

13. Civil War Revivals
A period of religious activism in late 1850s through the early 1900s that led to social activism.
Prohibition, child labor laws, immigration reform
Social Gospel Movement, YMCA, Christian Science
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14. Reconstruction Amendments
Thirteenth Amendment, 1865
Ended and outlawed slavery in the US.
Fourteenth Amendment, 1868
Granted citizenship to former slaves.
Made discrimination illegal.
Fifteenth Amendment, 1870
Gave voting rights to all men regardless of color.

15. Demographic Shifts Many slaves moved North and West Black codes
Competition for Jobs
Black codes
Established rules for blacks who stayed in the south.
Couldn’t loiter, be in a jury, lease land

16. Sharecropping Almost the same thing as slavery
The landlord furnished a house, a plot of land to work, seed, some farm animals and farm tools, and advanced them the credit they needed to get started.

17. Ku Klux Klan (Founded 1866)
Angry ex-confederate soldiers lashed out at free blacks because they could vote.
Used intimidation and violence to discourage blacks from voting.

18. Jim Crow Laws
Southern laws allowed officials to arrest blacks who could not document employment or residence
Forced labor
Restricted blacks from certain occupations, jury duty, or from owning guns.

19. Plessy vs. Ferguson, 1896
Supreme Court ruling that allowed “separate but equal” facilities for whites and blacks.
Led to segregation for the next 60 years.