1. Chapter 15
Peers

2. Peer Relations Definition of Peers Developmental Importance
Positive Peer Relations
Negative Peer Relations

3. Development of Peer Relations
Course of Development
Parent-Child-Peer Relations

4. Social Cognition and Emotion
Perspective Taking
Social Information Processing Skills
Emotional Regulation

5. Peer Statuses Sociometric Status Popular Children Average Children
Neglected Children
Rejected Children
Controversial Children

6. Peer Rejection
Peer Rejection and Aggression
Social Skills Training

7. Bullying Types of Bullying Incidence of Bullying
Bullies: traits and outcomes
Victims: traits and outcomes
Successful Anti-Bully Programs

8. Play Functions of Play Study of Play Unoccupied Solitary Onlooker
Parallel
Associative
Cooperative

9. Types of Play Sensorimotor Practice Pretence/Symbolic Social
Constructive
Games

10. Friendship Functions Companionship Stimulation Physical Support
Ego Support
Social Comparison
Intimacy/Affection

11. Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs

12. More on Friendship Similarity and Intimacy Gender and Friendship
Mixed-Age Friendships
Changes Towards Adolescence

13. Study Guide
What are peers, and what is the developmental importance of peers? How do peer relations differ from parent-child relations?
Be able to explain the importance of peer relations and a child’s development of the following abilities: Perspective Taking, Social Information Processing Skills, Emotional Regulation.
What are the five different types of Sociometric Status, and how are they measured/defined? Be able to identify examples of them, and be able to list outcomes for each.
What is the link between peer rejection and aggression? How can social skills training break the rejection/aggression cycle? (List specific approaches or examples).
What are the different types of bullying? What puts children at risk of being victims and what are the outcomes for chronic victimization? What puts children at risk of being bullies and what are the long-term outcomes for bullies.
Be able to list recommendations in your text for preventing bullying in schools.

14. Study Guide (cont.)
We looked at two sets that define different types of play. One set described cognitive aspects of play, the other social aspects of play. Be able to identify examples for each type of play, and have some concept of what age level these types are appropriate for.
What are the different functions of friendship and be able to give examples of each.
For extra credit: Be able to identify each level of Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs, and give one example for each level.
What are the two important factors involved in close friendships and why are they important.
What does the research show about the differences between girl friendships and boy friendships? How do friendships and peer groups change from childhood to adolescence (same-sex groups to mixed-sex groups)?