1. SEDIMENTARY, METAMORPHIC AND IGNEOUS ROCKS
The Rock Cycle
SEDIMENTARY, METAMORPHIC AND IGNEOUS ROCKS
Chapter 6

2. A. What is a rock?
1. A naturally occurring solid mixture of one or more minerals and organic matter.

3. B. Rock Cycle
1. Rock forms, changes from one type of rock to another and forms again by processes in and on the Earth.

4. C. Three Types of Rock A. Sedimentary B. Igneous C. Metamorphic
The three types of rock are:
A. Sedimentary
B. Igneous
C. Metamorphic

5. D. Sedimentary Rock 1. Sedimentary Rock is formed by:
Weathering and Erosion of rocks into smaller pieces or sediment, deposition, compaction and cementation.
2. Any rock (igneous, sedimentary, or metamorphic) exposed at the Earth's surface can become a sedimentary rock.
3. Fossils are found in sedimentary rock.

6. E. Sediment
1. Rock and mineral fragments 2. Sedimentation- the deposition or accumulation of sediment.

7. F. Weathering and Erosion
1. Weathering: Breakdown of rock by water, constant heating and cooling or other natural causes, to form sediment.
2. Erosion: Movement of sediment by wind and water

8. G. Deposition
1. Sediment is moved, accumulates, and forms layers.

9. H. Compaction and Cementation
Over time these deposited grains and pieces of rock are compacted and cemented together in layers. The compaction and cementation occurs when sediment is squeezed by the weight of the sediment layers above it. Each layer may be different from the next layer depending on the type of sediment that is deposited.

11. 1. Compaction: The squeezing together of rock layers.
2. Cementation: sediment becomes bound together and forms rock

12. I. Sedimentary Rocks examples:
Breccia
Shale
Sandstone

13. Sedimentary Rock
The remains of plants and animals become trapped in the layers and over long periods of time become fossils. .

14. J. Igneous Rock
1. Igneous rocks (from the Greek word for fire) form from hot molten rock (magma). 2. Magma: hot molten rock

15. K. Extrusive Igneous Rock
produced when magma exits and cools outside of, or very near the Earth's surface
form at erupting volcanoes.
EX: pumice and obsidian .
Pumice-cooled quickly
Obsidian-cooled slowly

16. Black Sand Beach: Hawaii
One of nature's rarest wonders stretches across the island of Hawaii's shores — the black-sand beach of Punalu'u. This magnificent beach formed when lava from two of the world's most active volcanoes, Mauna Loa and Kilauea, spilled into the ocean and quickly cooled, breaking into minuscule pieces that now comprise the "sand."

17. L. Intrusive Igneous Rock
1. forms when magma is trapped deep inside the Earth, cools very slowly over many thousands or millions of years until it solidifies. 2. Intrusive igneous rock can be pushed to the surface by plate movement. 3. Example: Granite
Granite is a type of intrusive igneous rock.

18. M. Metamorphic Rock
1. Rocks that have changed into another kind of rock, once igneous or sedimentary rocks.
2. Heat and pressure squeeze the sedimentary or igneous rock and change it into metamorphic rock.
3. EX: slate and marble

19. N. Metamorphic Rock O. Metamorphic rock
1. Limestone, a sedimentary rock, is changed by heat and pressure into marble. Marble is used to make statues and countertops.
1. Shale, a sedimentary rock, is changed by heat and pressure into slate
S: Limestone
S: shale
M: slate
M: Marble

20. The Rock Cycle
THE ROCK CYCLE

22. Chapter 4.1:Review Name the 3 types of rock.
This process causes rock to break down into smaller pieces called sediment.____________________________
This action is the movement of sediments to rivers and lakes._______________
4. This is the accumulation of sediment in lakes, oceans or on floodplains_________________________
5. Sedimentary rock is formed by _________________and ______________.
6. Igneous rock is formed from_______________________________.
7. Two types of igneous rock______________ and ______________.
8. What causes sedimentary and igneous rock to become metamorphic rock?
__________and___________
9. Intrusive igneous rock forms_________________________
10. Extrusive igneous rock forms_____________________________
Can any rock become a sedimentary rock?__________________
HOW?____________________________________________________________
Which type of rock would contain fossils?_____________________

23. Rock Cycle Song (Sing to the tune of "Row, Row, Row Your Boat")
Rock Cycle Song
SEDIMENTARY rock Has been formed in layers Often found near water sources With fossils from decayers
Then there's IGNEOUS rock Here since Earth was born Molten Lava, cooled and hardened That's how it is formed
These two types of rocks Can also be transformed With pressure, heat and chemicals METAMORPHIC they'll become.

24. Rock Cycle Song (Sing to the tune of "Row, Row, Row Your Boat")
Rock Cycle Song
SEDIMENTARY rock Has been formed in layers Often found near water sources With fossils from decayers
Then there's IGNEOUS rock Here since Earth was born Molten Lava, cooled and hardened That's how it is formed
These two types of rocks Can also be transformed With pressure, heat and chemicals METAMORPHIC they'll become.