1. What led to the defeat of the Spanish Armada?
* To determine events of the attack and defeat of the Armada.
* To explain reasons why it failed.
* To assess how the English reacted to the defeat.

2. What led to the defeat of the Spanish Armada?
* To determine events of the attack and defeat of the Armada.
* To explain reasons why it failed.
* To assess how the English reacted to the defeat.
So…what actually happened?
On 2nd July 1588 the Spanish Armada left Spain.
The Armada was a fleet of 170 galleons. The plan was to sail up the English Channel, dock in Calais and pick up more soldiers. The Armada, with soldiers, would cross the Channel, sail up the Thames and land in the middle of London.
But what went wrong……?
A galleon: a large Spanish battleship – like a floating castle, with cannons and 3 floors.
They were difficult to steer due to their weight and size.

3. What led to the defeat of the Spanish Armada?
* To determine events of the attack and defeat of the Armada.
* To explain reasons why it failed.
* To assess how the English reacted to the defeat.
The Armada set sail in May 1588:
It was spotted almost immediately, and England was warned.
From 20 to 27 July, the English fleet attacked the Armada as it sailed up the English Channel. The Armada sailed in a crescent formation, however, making it difficult to attack, and the English fleet did little damage.
On 27 July, the Armada anchored in open seas off Calais. The English sent in fireships, so the Armada cut their anchors to escape.
On 28 July, the English attacked the Spanish fleet at the Battle of Gravelines. The English ships were easier to manoeuvre in the heavy waters of the North Sea. This decisive battle prevented the Spanish from landing in England.
Philip's 'invincible' Spanish fleet fled north, chased by the English fleet. It had to return home by sailing round the north of Scotland and the west coast of Ireland, where many ships were sunk by storms.
On 8 August, after the main danger was over, Elizabeth went to speak to the English troops at Tilbury. She said, “I have but the body of a weak and feeble woman, but I have the heart and stomach of a king... and think foul scorn that any Prince in Europe should dare to invade the borders of my realm.”

4. Consequences of the Spanish Armada
What led to the defeat
of the Spanish Armada?
* To determine events of the attack and defeat of the Armada.
* To explain reasons why it failed.
* To assess how the English reacted to the defeat.
Consequences of the Spanish Armada
Philip was temporarily halted.
But:
The defeat did not harm his control over his empire which continued to grow after his death in Spain would remain a dominant ‘super-power’ for a further 100 years.
He tried other armadas in 1596 and Both were destroyed by storms.
The English rejoiced – they took it as a sign that God was on their side, even celebrating a national day of Thanksgiving for its victory over Spain on the 24th November.
The English did not defeat Spain and the war dragged on.
An English naval attack on Portugal in 1589 failed.
In 1595 a small Spanish force raided Cornwall.
Elizabeth's reputation as 'Gloriana' peaked.
The later years of her reign were a time of failure and conflict with Parliament.
England was able to continue causing trouble for the Spanish Empire.
English pirates continued to attack Spanish treasure ships.
English slave traders illegally carried slaves to the West Indies.
The Roanoke colony disappeared, and was never seen or heard of again. England did not plant another colony in America until 1607.
The Armada was not the beginning of an English empire in the New World.