1. Chem101 Chapter 01
Chemical Foundations

2. Chapter 1-Preview significant figures Handling numerical results
Operational rules, unit Factor, …
Classification of Matter
Element, compound, mixture, …
CHEM 101-Chapter 1
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3. 1.5 Significant Figures (SF) and Calculations
Rules for Counting Significant Figures:
Nonzero integers are countable as SF.
Zeros:
- "Leading zeros” are not significant. e.g (2 SF)
- "Captive zeros” Count as s.f. e.g.: (4 SF)
- "Trailing zeros” count as s.f. eg. : 100 = 1.00 X 102 (3 SF)
Exact numbers have an infinite number of SF
e.g. 10 experiment, 5 apples, 8 books … so on. ..
Exponential notation:
it is used to express large or small numbers in the correct SF
e.g convenient  6.0 x 10-5
CHEM 101-Chapter 1
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4. 1.5 Significant Figures (SF) and Calculations
Rules for SF in Mathematical Operations:
Multiplication / Division: Final results have the same SF in the least precise measurement used in calculation.
Addition / Subtraction: Final results have the same number of decimal places as the least precise numbers.
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5. Sometime you have to do multi-step conversion to get correct answer.
1.6 Dimensional Analysis
conversion of a given results from one system unit to an other using "Unit Factor Method" or dimensional analysis.
Note:
Sometime you have to do multi-step conversion to get correct answer.
CHEM 101-Chapter 1
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6. 1.7 Temperature Tc = (TF-32oF) x 5oF/ 9oC TF = (T0C x 9oF/5oC) + 32oF
Engineering
Science
Difference
Is complicated
Difference
Is in their zero
Tc = (TF-32oF) x 5oF/ 9oC
TF = (T0C x 9oF/5oC) + 32oF
T(Kelvin) = T(oC)
CHEM 101-Chapter 1
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7. 1.8 Density A property of matter that is often used by chemists.
CHEM 101-Chapter 1
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8. 1.9 Classification of matter
Read (pp )
and Report (HW#2):
Define :
Matter,
Mixtures,
Physical changes,
Chemical Changes,
Compound,
and Element
Define:
Distillation,
Filtration,
and Chromatography
CHEM 101-Chapter 1
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9. What is its main opeation?
Chapter One:
END of
What is this apparatus?
What is its main opeation?
CHEM 101-Chapter 1
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