1. Plagiarism & Annotation

2. Overview Plagiarism is the Problem Annotation is the Answer
Foot/End noting

3. What is Plagiarism? Presenting someone’s work as your own
Example: buying an essay, copying someone’s assignment
Using someone’s words instead of your own
Example: taking a sentence intact or even an “apt phrase” and presenting it as your own
Presenting someone’s ideas as your
Example: following the logic of a paragraph (even in your own words) and presenting it as your own
Presenting someone’s sources as your own
Example: putting down the same footnotes but without reading the books yourself

4. What is Plagiarism? Plagiarism is intellectual theft
It completely undermines the logic of learning by doing

5. What is Plagiarism? Intentional Buying work
Copying someone’s written work
Copying from the Internet
“Cut and paste” from the Net
Unintentional
Bad notetaking
Excessive quotations
Staying close to the text
Bad “archiving” of copied materials
Sloppy writing
Lack of language confidence

6. Write it Yourself Using your own words for your own ideas
For the ideas of others
Quoting
Paraphrasing
Summarizing

7. Write it Yourself Using your own words for your own ideas
For the ideas of others
Quoting
Paraphrasing
Summarizing

8. Quoting Using “the exact words” of another author
For accuracy
For impact
For atmosphere
Most students over-quote... and then it is a sign of laziness

9. Paraphrasing
Using the arguments (and evidence) of an author (usually in the original order)
You need to show the logic (and evidence) in order to show how far you agree or disagree
You have made detailed notes and don’t want to waste them
Essays made up of consecutive pieces of paraphrased text do not usually shine with intellectual power!

10. Summarising
In your own words condensing the main thrust of an authors argument
You want to show how the author fits into a particular debate
You want to show how you fit into a debate
Thoroughly commendable but
don’t overdo it, and
don’t cheat

11. Plagiarism What we look for I
Exact phrases from a text without attribution
Close paraphrasing from a text without attribution
Content of essay that match those of a fellow student
Content of an essay that match an own assignment submitted for another course
This is the equivalent of an athlete being tested positively for doping

12. Plagiarism What we look for II
Attributions that do not match the content of the text
Unusual changes in personal style
This is the equivalent of an athlete being tested positively for using a masking agent

13. The Answer to Plagiarism Annotate properly
What to annotate
Quotes
Cite exact page at the end of every quote
Paraphrased passages
Cite relevant pages
Summaries
Cite the pages or even entire source

15. Annotation End/Footnoting
Out-of-text system
Used when you also have complicated citations
archives citations
legal citations
Used when text commentary included

16. Annotation End/Footnoting
Out-of-text system
Uses Full attribution first citation
Ibidem. (page)immediate second citation
Author, op. cit. (page ) later citation
Author, short title , op. cit.(page) if more than one title

17. Annotation End/Footnoting
Bibliography and notes follow same system
Initials, Surname, Title (Place of Publication, Publisher, Date)
Initials, Surname, “Title” in Editors (eds.) Title (Place of Publication, Publisher, date) pages
Initials, Surname, “Title”, Journal, Volume, Number (year) pages

18. The End