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Influences of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease on Outcomes of Total Arch Replacement
Shunsuke Miyahara, MD, Hidekazu Nakai, MD, Naoto Izawa, MD, Katsuhiro Yamanaka, MD, Toshihito Sakamoto, MD, Yoshikatsu Nomura, MD, Takeshi Inoue, MD, Masamichi Matsumori, MD, PhD, Kenji Okada, MD, PhD, Yutaka Okita, MD, PhD The Annals of Thoracic Surgery Volume 99, Issue 1, Pages (January 2015) DOI: /j.athoracsur Copyright © 2015 The Society of Thoracic Surgeons Terms and Conditions
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Fig 1 Distributions of patients based on the Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) grading system that indicates the severity of airflow obstruction and on the modified Medical Research Council (mMRC) functional dyspnea scale. (Solid areas = grade 4; shaded areas = grade 3; dotted areas = grade 2; open areas = grade 1.) The Annals of Thoracic Surgery , 72-78DOI: ( /j.athoracsur ) Copyright © 2015 The Society of Thoracic Surgeons Terms and Conditions
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Fig 2 Kaplan-Meier curves of long-term survival are shown with the patients stratified by severity of airflow obstruction according to Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) criteria: control group (solid line), mild group (GOLD 1 [dotted line]), moderate group (GOLD 2 [dashed line]), and severe group (GOLD 3 [broken line]). *Log rank test compared with the control group. The Annals of Thoracic Surgery , 72-78DOI: ( /j.athoracsur ) Copyright © 2015 The Society of Thoracic Surgeons Terms and Conditions
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