1. State and Society in Western and Eastern Han

2. State and Society in Western and Eastern Han
Using the terms “State” and “Society”
A. “State” as
places
people
practices
in the context of bureaucratic organization

5. Territorial Administration AD 7: 99 Commanderies, 1341 Counties
Capital

9. Society from a State Perspective
The idea of occupations:
Gentlemen/Officials (shi)
Farmers (nong)
Artisans (gong)
Merchants (shang)

10. State and Society in Western and Eastern Han
Using the terms “State” and “Society”
B. “Society” as
places
people
practices
in the context of kinship organization

16. Background:
the tax system in early Han
land tax: 1/30 of expected production
poll tax: 120 cash per adult person
property tax: 1.2%
labor service: up to 1 month per year
military service: 1 year of training, up to 1 year of service

17. the implications of collecting taxes in cash

18. A. “State” led expansion: Increasing the government's wealth (the reign of Emperor Wu 141-87 B.C.)
1. territorial expansion

20. A. “State” led expansion: Increasing the government's wealth (the reign of Emperor Wu 141-87 B.C.)
1. territorial expansion
2. raising agricultural production
a. opening new lands
b. new technology
3. taxing merchants and artisans
4. state ownership of basic industries

21. B. The opposition to Emperor Wu's policies: defending the interests of “Society”
1. ending commercialization
2. privatizing industry
3. withdrawal from foreign outposts
4. closing the gap between rich and poor

22. C. Wang Mang's synthesis (The Xin/Hsin Dynasty, A.D. 9-23)
Expansion without private wealth

23. D. The State withdraws from Society: magnate society in Later Han (A.D. 23-220)
1. political events in Later Han and their consequences
a. civil war and restoration
b. eunuchs over bureaucrats: the Proscription of
c. the rebellion of the Yellow Turbans ( ) and the dominance of the generals
2. public institutions and private interests
3. magnate society and "Confucian" magnates