1. Microscopy information
Cells

2. Microscopes* Study objects too small to naked eye 2 types 
Simple  one lense (magnifying glass)
Compound two lenses
3 “systems”: optical, mechanical, light
**Compound microscope = Most Common**

3. “Systems” of Compound Microscopes
Optical
2 + objectives (each w/different magnifying power – low & high power)
Mechanical
Structural components (ex: base, arm, stage, nose piece)
Light
Mirror, diaphragm
Do not need to write down

4. PARTS TO KNOW…* Ocular/eyepiece Objectives
Revolving nosepiece *DEFINE &
Stage, stage clips LABEL IN
Coarse adjustment LAB PACKET
Fine adjustment
Light source
Diaphragm
Arm
Body tube
Base
Do not need to write down; fill in lab packet

5. Magnification* Enlargement of the image created by the lenses
Two sources 
1. Ocular = eye piece (10x or less)
2. Objective lenses
Shorter: low power, 10x mag.
Longer: high power, 40x mag.
Magnification overall  ocular x objective lenses
10 x 40 (varies)
400x’s greater than actual image

6. Resolution* Aka sharpness of an image
Microscope spreads “details” of pictures apart – so human eye can make them out
Shows two points close together separately
Cannot increase magnification power if resolving power is not also increased

7. Field of Vision vs. Depth of Field*
F.O.V
D.O.F
How much of the area of the slide you can see at one time
magn., F.O.V
Some parts focused, other parts not in focus – due to objects being 3-D in nature
magn., D.O.F

8. Preparing a Microscope..
Hold arm & base
“ocular” and “arm” towards you
Clean “ocular” and “objective lenses” with lens paper
Adjust “nose piece/objective lens” to lowest power (10x)
Turn on light, adjust mirror, alter diaphragm if needed
Look through with BOTH eyes open

9. Observing a Slide.. Place slide under stage clips
Lower low-power objective to directly above, but NOT TOUCHING slide *do so with coarse adjustment knob – moves entire body tube
Focus with coarse adjustment knob
Focus with fine adjustment knob
Add/decrease light if needed
Adjust to medium power, then to high power
*must focus at 10x before advancing!!*

10. How to make a Wet Mount.. Obtain clean side & coverslip
Place specimen in middle of slide
Place drop of water on specimen
Hold coverslip by thin edges between index finger and thumb
45 degree angle into drop of water

11. How to make a Wet Mount..
After water spreads along one edge of coverslip, slowly lower until it lies flat on top of slide
IF bubbles appear, try again!
Remove excess water with paper towels
Add drop to edge if it dries out

12. Putting away Microscope…
Switch to low power
Place body tube all the way down towards the stage
Wrap cord neatly
Replace plastic bag on top

13. Microscope Sketches

14. Sketches: Sketch everything you can see
Fill the appropriate amount of the circle based on your field of view
Label your sketches
Calculate total magnification for each sketch
Give a brief description of each specimen’s appearance
ALL sketches should be done on either medium or high power unless specified to sketch at low power

15. What to Sketch: Prepared slides (4 drawings needed)
In packets: (part II)
Letter “E” -- WET MOUNT
Magazine picture – WET MOUNT
Yarn (orange and black) – WET MOUNT
#24:
Butterfly wing (small piece of wing) – DRY MOUNT
Feather – WET MOUNT
Cat or human hair – WET MOUNT

16. Other Types of Microscopes

17. Other types of Microscopes…
Electron microscope 
Transmission electron m/s
magnify images 250,000x’s
Uses electron beams (no light)
Uses electromagnetic lenses (no glass lenses)
Electron beam directed via vacuum chamber: some pass through, some absorbed, some reflected – those transmitted through is what you see!

18. Other types of Microscopes…
Electron microscope 
Item must be dried, put in plastic, sliced into thin sections, and stained to view
Scanning Electron Microscope
magnify images 250,000x’s
Uses electron beams (no light)
Uses electromagnetic lenses (no glass lenses)
Electron beam directed via vacuum chamber: some pass through, some absorbed, some reflected – those transmitted through is what you see!
Stain increased amount of contrat