1. Volume 115, Issue 5, Pages 1084-1089 (November 1998)
Mutational abrogation of the PTEN/MMAC1 gene in gastrointestinal polyps in patients with Cowden disease 
Sung-Gil Chi, Hyo-Jong Kim, Bum-Joon Park, Hyun-Jung Min, Jae-Hoon Park, Youn-Wha Kim, Seok-Ho Dong, Byung-Ho Kim, Jung-Il Lee, Young-Woon Chang, Rin Chang, Woo-Kap Kim, Moon-Ho Yang 
Gastroenterology 
Volume 115, Issue 5, Pages (November 1998)
DOI: /S (98)
Copyright © 1998 American Gastroenterological Association Terms and Conditions

2. Fig. 1
Quantitative PCR analysis of PTEN/MMAC1. Ten microliters of (A) RT-PCR products (200/201, 554 bp) and (B) DNA-PCR products (exon 5, 364 bp) were resolved on 2% agarose gels and subjected to Southern blot analysis. GAPDH and c-N-Ras were used as endogenous standards for RT-PCR and DNA-PCR, respectively. Two prostate cell lines, LNCaP and DU145, and blood leukocytes of normal individual (N BL) were included as controls. GH, gastric hamartoma; CA, colonic adenoma; JP, juvenile polyp; TCa, thyroid carcinoma; NT, normal thyroid tissue; BL, blood leukocytes.
Gastroenterology  , DOI: ( /S (98) )
Copyright © 1998 American Gastroenterological Association Terms and Conditions

3. Fig. 2
PCR-SSCP analysis of PTEN/MMAC1. (A) Exons 7–8 region of the transcript and (B) exon 8 of the gene were analyzed by nonisotopic SSCP analysis. Both normal and abnormal migrations of single-stranded DNA were observed from blood leukocytes of the patients, but only abnormally migrating DNA was found from the polyps. N, normal; GH, gastric hamartoma; CA, colonic adenoma; JP, juvenile polyp; BL, blood leukocytes.
Gastroenterology  , DOI: ( /S (98) )
Copyright © 1998 American Gastroenterological Association Terms and Conditions

4. Fig. 3
Direct sequencing analysis of RT-PCR products of PTEN/MMAC1 transcripts. A germline missense mutation of AAA to GAA (Lys to Glu) at codon 289 detected in colonic adenoma can be seen.
Gastroenterology  , DOI: ( /S (98) )
Copyright © 1998 American Gastroenterological Association Terms and Conditions

5. Fig. 4
PCR analysis of the methylation status of PTEN/MMAC1. Genomic DNA was subjected to digestion with methylation-sensitive restriction endonuclease Hpa II, and 5'-untranslated region of PTEN/MMAC1 was amplified with primers 224/225. Fifteen microliters of PCR products was resolved on 2% agarose gel. GH, gastric hamartoma; TCa, thyroid carcinoma; NT, noncancerous thyroid tissue; BL, blood leukocytes.
Gastroenterology  , DOI: ( /S (98) )
Copyright © 1998 American Gastroenterological Association Terms and Conditions