1. TERM 1 FINAL EXAM REVIEW
Get ready…

2. Diffusion vs. Osmosis
Diffusion is the movement of particles from areas of high concentration to areas of low concentration.
Diffusion demo – citrus spray
Osmosis is the diffusion of water; it is the movement of particles from areas of high concentration to areas of low concentration.
Carrot Lab
Carrot in salt water
Carrot in distilled water

3. SCIENTIFIC METHOD PROBLEM HYPOTHESIS CONTROLLED EXPERIMENT DATA THEORY
VARIABLE
CONTROL
ANALYZE
CONTROLLED EXPERIMENT
THEORY
LAW
CONCLUSION

4. Permeable vs. Semi-permeable
Permeable means that items can enter and exit an area.
An example would be a garage door. It opens and most items can go in and out of your garage.
Semi-permeable means that there is a barrier that only lets certain items in and out of the cell.
A cell membrane is semi- permeable as it only allows some items to enter or exit the cell.

5. Photosynthesis vs. Respiration
The process by which autotrophs make glucose from water and CO2 in the presence of sunlight.
Without this process, there would be no life on Earth.
This process occurs in the chloroplasts of all autotrophs.
The process of breaking down glucose in the presence of oxygen to generate ATP.
This process occurs in the mitochondria of ALL cells.

6. Mendel’s Laws Some traits have two forms: dominant and recessive.
Dominant is the form that is seen more often and the recessive trait can “hide” in the background.
Law of Independent Assortment: traits are inherited independently.
A pea plant can be tall with round seeds OR tall with wrinkled seeds.
This is not true in all organisms.
Law of Segregation: during the formation of gametes, allele pairs separate.

7. Punnett Squares These squares predict the outcome of a cross.
They were made by Reginald Punnett, NOT Mendel.
They are based on probability.
A monohybrid cross has four boxes and a dihybrid cross has 16 boxes.

8. Homozygous vs. heterozygous
Homozygous – 2 of the same allele
TT or tt
Can be dominant or recessive
Heterozygous – 2 different alleles Tt
Always dominant

9. Mutations Mutations are ANY change in the DNA base sequence.
There are several different types of mutations.
Mutations can result in a new codon; this results in a new amino acid which sometimes can change the protein dramatically.
Mutations can be helpful, harmful, or have no effect on the organism.

10. DNA vs. RNA DNA RNA A,T,C,G DOUBLE STRANDED THE SUGAR IS DEOXYRIBOSE.
STAYS IN THE NUCLEUS
A,U,C,G
SINGLE STRANDED
THE SUGAR IS RIBOSE.
LEAVES THE NUCLEUS

11. ENZYMES CHANGE THE RATE OF CHEMICAL REACTIONS SPECIFIC OPTIMAL RANGE
DENATURED

12. HOMEOSTASIS THE BODY IN BALANCE
EXAMPLES INCLUDE: TEMPERATURE, BLOOD SUGAR, HEART RATE