1. ECOLOGICAL SUCCESSION
Ecosystems tend to change with time until a stable system is formed.
The stable system that will form depends on climatic limitations.

2. Bellringer What is a point on which both scientists agree?
A. The air is being polluted by waste products of industry and transportation.
B. The spruce budworm is a major cause of the destruction of forests.
C. Stressful weather conditions alone can account for the destruction of the Appalachian forests.
D. Low – elevation commercial forests are in imminent danger of destruction by polluted air.

3. Ecological Succession
The process of one community replacing another as a result of changing abiotic and biotic factors.

4. Primary Succession EX:
Primary succession is the establishment of a community in an area of bare rock that does not have topsoil.
EX:
1. volcano
2. glacier
3. new land
*SOIL IS NOT*
PRESENT

5. Pioneer Species
Pioneer species are the first organisms to appear when an area has been damaged or disturbed.
EX: moss or lichen

6. Lichens
Lichens are algae and fungus growing together in a mutualistic relationship. Algae make the food; fungus anchor and capture water.

7. Pioneer organisms
Soil is produced over hundreds of years by pioneer organisms.
These organisms break apart rock, add humus as they die and decompose, and hold water
This allows other organisms to grow there.

8. Succession occurs BECAUSE
Each community changes the conditions so that they are more favorable to other organisms that replace them.
For example, some types of trees need a lot of sun and their saplings cannot grow under the shade of their own species.
They will be replaced by the types of trees whose saplings can grow in shade of other trees.

9. Secondary Succession
Is the orderly and predictable change that takes place after a community or organisms has been removed but the soil remains.

10. Secondary Succession EX: 1. fire 2. flood
3. human change (deforestation, housing, farming)
Soil is already present.

11. A community is still undergoing succession
As long as the species keep changing:
Here, the plants growing under the pine trees are NOT small pine trees, so the species will be changing as the old pine trees fall.

12. Climax Community
A stable, mature community in which there is little change in the number of species.

13. Climax Community
The same climax community will develop unless the abiotic conditions have changed.

14. We can tell it’s a climax community-
A climax community replaces itself with more of itself.
Under sugar maple trees, we will see sugar maple saplings-that shows that it is a climax community

15. Climax Community
The climax community will be part of the BIOME of that area.
Biomes are areas in the world with similar climate (temperature or weather), animals, and plants.