1. Tailoring the Discharge Reaction in Li-CO2 Batteries through Incorporation of CO2 Capture Chemistry 
Aliza Khurram, Mingfu He, Betar M. Gallant 
Joule 
Volume 2, Issue 12, Pages (December 2018)
DOI: /j.joule
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2. Joule 2018 2, DOI: ( /j.joule )
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3. Figure 1
Cell Schematic and Reaction Scheme of a CO2 Capture-and-Electrochemical Conversion Process
(A) Schematic of a combined capture and conversion Li-CO2 cell with amine regeneration.
(B) Discharge reaction scheme showing the target reduction pathway via selective cleavage of the N-C bond.
Joule 2018 2, DOI: ( /j.joule )
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4. Figure 2
State of Amine-Containing Solvents upon CO2 Uptake with and without Electrolyte Co-Salts
Solvent samples containing 0.1 M CO2-loaded EEA species (top row) and the same solutions upon introduction of 0.3 M LiClO4 (bottom row).
Joule 2018 2, DOI: ( /j.joule )
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5. Figure 3
Characterization of Amine-Containing DMSO before and after CO2 Uptake
1H NMR spectra of 50 mM lean EEA (bottom) and CO2-loaded EEA (top) in DMSO-d6.
Joule 2018 2, DOI: ( /j.joule )
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6. Figure 4
Characterization of Temporal Evolution of Carbamic Acid-Carbamate Equilibria upon Electrolyte Salt Addition
(A) Time-dependent 1H NMR spectra of a solution containing 50 mM CO2-bound EEA in DMSO-d6 before the addition of 0.3 M LiClO4 (a), and 1 hr (b), 9 hr (c), and 24 hr (d) after the addition of 0.3 M LiClO4.
(B) Reaction scheme showing conversion of carbamic acid to carbamate and a free CO2 upon Li+-salt addition in DMSO.
Joule 2018 2, DOI: ( /j.joule )
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7. Figure 5
Homogeneous Reduction of CO2-Loaded EEA by a Redox Mediator (CoCp2)
(A) UV-visible spectra of 0.3 M LiClO4/DMSO containing CoCp2 and EEA in the presence and absence of CO2. The spectra of CoCp2 and CoCp2+ are provided as reference.
(B) Photograph showing color changes upon addition of CoCp2 to the electrolyte containing either lean EEA (right) or CO2-loaded EEA (center). A solution containing CoCp2 and the electrolyte, not shown, yielded a color identical to the one observed for CoCp2 with lean EEA.
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8. Figure 6
Discharge Performance of Li-CO2 Cells Containing CO2-Loaded EEA at Varying Rates and Amine Concentrations
(A) Discharge profiles of Li-CO2 cells at 10 mA/gc under Ar only, CO2 only (physically dissolved, no EEA), lean EEA (unloaded, no CO2) in DMSO, and loaded EEA-CO2 in DMSO.
(B) Discharge profiles for cells containing 100 mM EEA-CO2 at varying current densities.
(C and D) Concentration effect of EEA-CO2 on discharge potential (C) and capacities (D) for Li-CO2 cells discharged at 30 mA/gc.
Joule 2018 2, DOI: ( /j.joule )
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9. Figure 7
Characterization of Discharge Products and Evidence for Process Selectivity
(A) X-ray diffraction of a GDL electrode discharged at 5.65 μA/cm2. The XRD spectrum of crystalline Li2CO3, acquired from the International Center for Diffraction Data database (ref. code: ), is provided as a reference.
(B) SEM images of a Vulcan carbon cathode discharged at 30 mA/gc. The inset shows an SEM image of a pristine electrode (same scale bar).
(C) Attenuated total reflectance infrared (transmittance) spectra of a pristine electrode, and an electrode discharged at 30 mA/gc.
(D) Ex situ mass spectrometer analysis measuring moles of CO2 evolved after discharged electrode treatment with H3PO4 and Fenton's reagent.69 The discharged Li-CO2 cell contained 13CO2 and a 12C cathode.
Joule 2018 2, DOI: ( /j.joule )
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