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1 CELLS
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Cell Theory All know living things are made up of cells
2 Cell Theory All know living things are made up of cells Cells are the basic unit of structure and function in living things All cells come from pre-existing cells Clip
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Robert Hooke-1665 First to see cells.
3 Robert Hooke-1665 First to see cells. First to use the word “cells”- named for the places that monks sleep in monastery Built first microscope
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Theodor Schwann Matthias Schleiden 4 1839
Concluded that all animals are made up of cells Matthias Schleiden 1839 Concluded that all plant cells are made up of cells
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Two basic Types of Cells
5 Two basic Types of Cells Prokaryotic & Eukaryotic
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Prokaryotic Cells DO HAVE Cell membrane Ribosomes DNA DO NOT HAVE
6 Prokaryotic Cells DO HAVE Cell membrane Ribosomes DNA DO NOT HAVE Organelles Nucleus Are all singled celled organisms. Thought of as more ancient life forms…they came 1st!
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Eukaryotic Cells Have organelles.
7 Eukaryotic Cells Have organelles. Singled-celled or multicellular organisms! 2 Types: Plant and Animal
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Basic Cell Structure Cells come in many different shapes and sizes.
9 Basic Cell Structure Cells come in many different shapes and sizes. Like bricks in a building, cells make up all living things Clip
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10 The Cell Membrane The outside of ALL cells are surrounded by a membrane made of phospholipids. Nickname: “The gatekeeper”
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Membrane Structure 11 There are proteins “stuck” in the membrane that help get things into and out of the cells. They also help to get messages into the cell.
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The Membrane is a lipid bilayer.
12 The Membrane is a lipid bilayer.
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Cell Wall Found in Plant, Fungi, and Bacteria Cells
13 Cell Wall Found in Plant, Fungi, and Bacteria Cells Provides support and protection In plants, the cell wall is made of the carbohydrate cellulose.
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14 The Cytoplasm jelly-like substance contains all of the organelles
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Organelles in the Cytoplasm
15 Organelles in the Cytoplasm Each organelle has a specific function so that the cell can do its job. Each organelle has its own job! Remember: ONLY EUKARYOTIC CELLS HAVE ORGANELLES!!!!
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What’s an organelle? Organelle mean “tiny organ.”
16 What’s an organelle? Organelle mean “tiny organ.” Organelles function together to help the cell carry out all of life’s activities!!
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17 Organelles of the Cell
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Nucleus-The Control Center
18 “The Brain” Contains the DNA DNA controls which proteins get made-and when! Where ribosomes are made
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Nucleus (Continued) has a phospholipid bilayer around it
19 Nucleus (Continued) has a phospholipid bilayer around it nuclear pores allow substances to move into and out of the nucleus DNA NEVER leaves the nucleus
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Ribosomes Not technically an organelles. Nickname: “protein maker”
21 Not technically an organelles. Nickname: “protein maker” They help put the amino acids together to make proteins. Made of the nucleic Acid-RNA website
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Endoplasmic Reticulum
22 Endoplasmic Reticulum Membrane system - function = protein synthesis and transport. thought of as a Highway and a place of protein synthesis.
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Two types of ER Smooth Rough 23 No attached ribosomes
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Golgi Apparatus Nickname: “UPS”
25 Golgi Apparatus Nickname: “UPS” Packages molecules and sends them to their destination. Also checks to make sure the molecules are put together correctly, if not correct it sends them back to the ER. Website
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Let’s Review
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Vacuoles Plants usually have one large one
27 Vacuoles packages of material that are being stored and transported Plants usually have one large one Animals generally have many small ones.
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Lysosomes Nickname “Recycling Center”
28 Lysosomes Nickname “Recycling Center” Has digestive enzymes that breakdown and recycle molecules.
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30 Chloroplasts Site of photosynthesis in plants.
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Cytoskeleton Gives cells their shape.
31 Cytoskeleton Gives cells their shape. Contain proteins: microtubules (shape) and microfilaments (movement).
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Mitochondria Nickname: “Powerhouse” Site of ATP production
32 Mitochondria Nickname: “Powerhouse” Site of ATP production ATP is the universal energy molecule Energy is stored in the bonds of ATP. Website
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Plant Cell 33 Smooth endoplasmic Vacuole reticulum (free) Chloroplast
Nuclear envelope Ribosome (attached) (free) Smooth endoplasmic reticulum Nucleus Rough endoplasmic reticulum Nucleolus Golgi apparatus Mitochondrian Cell wall Cell Membrane Chloroplast Vacuole Plant Cell
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Organelles of the Cell Clip
34 Organelles of the Cell Clip Centrioles Nucleolus Nucleus Nuclear envelope Rough endoplasmic reticulum Golgi apparatus Smooth Mitochondrian Cell Membrane Ribosome (free) (attached) Animal Cell
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Animal Cell vs. Plant Cell
35 Animal Cell vs. Plant Cell Clip
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Levels of Organization
36 Levels of Organization Cells make up tissues. Tissues make up Organs. Organs make up organ systems.
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