1. REMEMBERING SOME OF THE LESSONS FROM ONE OF 2013’S NON-DISASTERS
REMEMBERING SOME OF THE LESSONS FROM ONE OF 2013’S NON-DISASTERS. PART 5: EXPLOSIVE VOLCANIC ERUPTIONS
lecture by Walter Hays Uploading date: December 22, 2013
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Walter Hays, Global Alliance for Disaster Reduction, Vienna, Virginia, USA 

2. INDONESIA

3. VOLCANO SINABUNG ON NORTH SUMATRA, INDONESIA ERUPTS November 3, 2013
--- But No Disaster This Time

4. UNDERSTANDING EXPLOSIVE VOLCANOES

5. 542 OF THE 1,500 ACTIVE VOLCANOES ARE LOCATED IN “RING OF FIRE”

6. VOLCANOES IN INDONESIA
INDONESIA, A PART OF THE PACIFIC “RING OF FIRE,” HAS 127 ACTIVE VOLCANOES AS A RESULT OF COMPLEX SUBDUCTION OF THE INDO-AUSTRALIA AND EURASIA TECTONIC PLATES

7. INDONESIA’S VOLCANOES

8. PHYSICAL EFFECTS OF EXPLOSIVE VOLCANIC ERUPTIONS- A NATURAL HAZARD
VERTICAL ASH PLUME, HIGH-VELOCITY LATERAL BLAST, TEPHRA, LAVA FLOWS, LAHARS, AND VOLCANIC WINTER

9. VOLCANO HAZARDS CAN HAVE FAR REACHING IMPACTS
VERTICAL ASH PLUME (can affect jet aircraft)
ASH AND TEPHRA
LATERAL BLAST
PYROCLASTIC CLOUDS, BURSTS, AND FLOWS

10. VOLCANO HAZARDS CAN HAVE FAR REACHING IMPACTS
LAVA FLOWS
LAHARS (can bury villages)
EARTHQUAKES (related to movement of lava)
“VOLCANIC WINTER” (causing famine and mass extinctions)

11. LATERAL BLAST PYROCLASTIC FLOWS FLYING DEBRIS VOLCANIC ASH LAVA FLOWS
CAUSES OF RISK
LATERAL BLAST
PYROCLASTIC FLOWS
FLYING DEBRIS
EXPLOSIVE VOLCANIC
ERUPTIONS
VOLCANIC ASH
LAVA FLOWS
CASE HISTORIES
LAHARS
TOXIC GASES

12. BEFORE AUGUST, 2010, SINABUNG HAD BEEN INACTIVE FOR 400 YEARS
The August eruption led to an evacuation of 30,000 people

13. MOUNT SINABUNG: NOV. 3, 2013

14. SEPTEMBER 2013 ERUPTION
An eruption in September 2013 also prompted an evacuation--- about 3,500 villagers lining within 3 km of the volcano.

15. OCTOBER 2013 ERUPTION
Another eruption on October 24th also prompted an evacuation of about 3,500 villagers lining within 2-3 km of the volcano.

16. WHAT HAPPENED NOVEMBER 3RD
The 8,530-foot-high mountain erupted early on Sunday, November 3rd, sending a vertical ash plume 7,000 feet into the air.
This eruption prompted an evacuation of 1,500 people living within 3 km of the volcano.

17. TOWARDS VOLCANIC ERUPTION DISASTER RESILIENCE

18. GOAL: VOLCANO DISASTER RESILIENCE
VOLCANO HAZARDS
PEOPLE & BLDGS.
VULNERABILITY
LOCATION
VOLCANO RISK
ACCEPTABLE RISK
UNACCEPTABLE RISK
RISK
GOAL: VOLCANO DISASTER RESILIENCE
INDONESIA’S
COMMUNITIES
DATA BASES AND INFORMATION
PREPAREDNESS
PROTECTION
EARLY WARNING
EMERGENCY RESPONSE
RECOVERY and
RECONSTRUCTION
POLICY OPTIONS
HAZARDS: GROUND SHAKING GROUND FAILURE SURFACE FAULTING TECTONIC DEFORMATION TSUNAMI RUN UP AFTERSHOCKS

19. TOWARDS DISASTER RISK REDUCTION FOR VOLCANOES
RISK ASSESSMENT
VULNERABILITY
EXPOSURE
EVENT
POLICY ASSESSMENT
COST
BENEFIT
CONSEQUENCES
VOLCANIC ERUPTIONS
EXPECTED LOSS
POLICY ADOPTION

20. THE KEYS TO RESILIENCE: 1) KNOW THE ERUPTIVE HISTORY OF YOUR REGION’S VOLCANOES, 2) BE PREPARED 3) HAVE A WARNING SYSTEM 4) EVACUATE 5) LEARN FROM THE EXPERIENCE AND BE READY TO START OVER

21. CREATING TURNING POINTS FOR FLOOD DISASTER RESILIENCE
USING EDUCATIONAL SURGES CONTAINING THE PAST AND PRESENT LESSONS TO FOSTER AND ACCELERATE THE CREATION OF TURNING POINTS

22. IN ALL FIVE PILLARS OF COMMUNITY
IS A GOOD TIME
FOR A GLOBAL SURGE IN EDUCATIONAL, TECHNICAL, HEALTH CARE, AND POLITICAL CAPACITY BUILDING
IN ALL FIVE PILLARS OF COMMUNITY
DISASTER RESILIENCE

23. CREATING TURNING POINTS FOR FLOOD DISASTER RESILIENCE
INTEGRATION OF SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL SOLUTIONS WITH POLITICAL SOLUTIONS FOR POLICIES ON PREPAREDNESS, PROTECTION, EARLY WARNING, EMERGENCY RESPONSE, AND RECOVERY

24. INTEGRATION OF TECHNICAL AND POLITICAL CONSIDERATIONS
OPPORTUNITIES FOR TURNING POINTS: For Disaster Resilience on local, regional, national, and global scales
THE KNOWLEDGE BASE
APPLICATIONS
EDUCATIONAL SURGES
Best Practices for Mitigation Adaptation and Monitoring
Gateways to a Deeper Understanding
Real and Near- Real Time Monitoring
Hazard, Vulnerability and Risk Characterization
Anticipatory Actions for all Events and Situations
Situation Data Bases
Interfaces with all Real- and Near Real-Time Sources
Cause & Effect Relationships
Implement Modern Codes and Lifeline Standards
Relocation/Rerouting of Cities and City Lifelines
Create a Hazard Zonation Map as a Policy Tool
Introduce New Technologies
Move Towards A Disaster Intelligent Community
Involve Partners in Turning Point Experimemts
Enlighten Communities on Their Risks
Build Strategic Equity Through Disaster Scenarios
Multiply Capability by International Twinning
Update Knowledge Bases After Each Disaster