1. Unit 14: Adjective Clauses pg. 228
Discuss these questions in your groups
Complete the sentence with the one adjective that best describes your personality: “I am a person who is ___________________.”
Is it helpful to classify people into personality types or to place yourself in a personality category? Why or why not?

2. Susan Boyle
Susan Boyle is a woman. She is very talented. Susan Boyle is a singer. She has a beautiful voice. Today, Susan Boyle is a successful recording artist. She tours the world to sing for her fans.

3. What is the difference?
Susan Boyle is a woman that is very talented. She is a singer who has a beautiful voice. Today, Susan Boyle is a successful recording artist who tours the world to sing for her fans.

4. Note 1: Adjective Clauses
An adjective clause is a group of words with a subject and a verb that describes a noun.
An adjective clause can help you combine two sentences.
Susan Boyle is a woman. She is very talented.
Combine the two sentences using a relative pronoun…
Susan Boyle is a woman who is very talented.

5. Note 2: Adjective Clause
An Adjective clause is a dependent clause.
Remember dependent clauses are weak.
They can’t stand on their own.
Have a subject and a verb
Missing complete thought
Adjective clauses often being with a relative pronoun: who, whom, which, or that. It can also begin with whose, when, or where.
Frank, who is an introvert, spends a lot of time alone.

6. Note 2: Adjective Clauses
The word that begins an adjective clause usually comes directly after the noun or pronoun that the clause modifies (describes).
Let’s do something that is fun.
What is the adjective clause?
That is fun
What noun does the adjective clause modify (describe)?
Something

7. Note 2: Adjective Clauses
Toronto, which is the largest city in Canada, is a beautiful place.
What is the adjective clause?
Which is the largest city in Canada
What noun or pronoun does the adjective clause modify (describe)?
Toronto

8. Relative Pronoun as Subject
If there is a verb right after the relative pronoun, the relative pronoun is functioning as the subject of the adjective clause. For example…
Let’s do something that is fun.
Subject: that (referring to something)
Verb: is
Toronto, which is the largest city in Canada, is a beautiful place.
Subject: which

9. Note 3: People
Taylor Swift is a singer that writes songs about love and her past relationships.
The adjective clause is modifying the noun “singer”

10. Note 3: People
Adam Levine, who is in the band Maroon 5, is a singer and also plays the guitar and drums.
The adjective clause is modifying the noun (subject), Adam Levine

11. Note 3: People What relative pronouns did I use?
Who and that refer to people
Who and that are the subjects in these adjective clauses
Taylor Swift is a singer that writes songs about love and her past relationships.
That (subject) writes (verb)
Adam Levine, who is in the band Maroon 5, is a singer and also plays the guitar and drums.
Who (subject) is (verb)

12. Review
Directions: Combine the sentences about people into one sentence. Don’t change the first sentence, and change the second sentence into an adjective clause.
I have a good friend. He lives in Brazil.
The teacher notices students. They wear colorful clothes.
Bozo the Clown made everyone laugh. He rode backwards on an elephant.

13. Note 3: Things What are some things that you can’t live without?
My iPhone is a device that helps me communicate with friends and family.

14. Note 3: Things
My Mini Cooper Countryman is a car which gets me from one place to the next.

15. Note 3: Things What relative pronouns did I use?
Which and that refer to things
Which and that are the subjects in these adjective clauses
My iPhone is a device that helps me communicate with friends and family.
That (subject) helps (verb)
My Mini Cooper Countryman is a car which gets me from one place to the next.
Which (subject) gets (verb)

16. Review
Directions: Combine the sentences about things into one sentence. Don’t change the first sentence, and change the second one into an adjective clause.
The airplane landed successfully. It almost crashed.
Alan was hit by a flowerpot. It had fallen off a windowsill.
The nurse gave the patient an injection. It made him go to sleep.

17. Quick Practice Pick 2 things that you can’t live without.
Write a sentence about each one with an adjective clause. Use the relative pronouns which or that.
Make sure to use the appropriate relative pronouns.
Make sure you place your adjective clause after the thing or clause you’re describing

18. Usage Note That is less formal than who or which.
This is the car that is the nicest.
The verb in an adjective clause agrees with the noun or pronoun that the clause modifies.
Beyoncé is a singer who knows how to dance.
Noun being modified: singer
Verb in adjective clause: Know = knows (subject verb agreement)

19. Relative Pronoun as Subject
My iPhone is a device. My iPhone helps me communicate
My iPhone is a device that helps me communicate with friends and family.
That is the subject of the adjective clause
It is followed by a verb

20. Relative Pronoun as Subject
My Mini Cooper Countryman is a car which gets me from one place to the next.
Which is the subject of adjective clause
Taylor Swift is a singer that writes songs about love and her past relationships.
That is a subject of adjective clause
Adam Levine, who is in the band Maroon 5, is the lead singe, and also plays the guitar and drums.
Who is a subject of adjective clause

21. Be Careful! Do not use double subjects in an adjective clause.
Extroverts are people. Extroverts like to be with others.
Extroverts are people who like to be with others.
Extroverts are people [extroverts like to be with others].
Who replaces the subject “extroverts.” That is why who is the subject of the adjective clause.
Extroverts are people who they like to be with others. X

22. Comma Usage
For each sentence, you will have to decide if the adjective clause is identifying or non-identifying.
Identifying (essential) clauses do not require commas. An adjective clause is essential when you need the information it provides.
The vegetables that people leave uneaten are often the most nutritious.
Vegetables is general (nonspecific). To know which ones we are talking about, we must have the information in the adjective clause. Thus, the adjective clause is identifying and requires no commas.

23. Comma Usage
If, however, we eliminate vegetables and choose a more specific noun instead, the adjective clause becomes…
Nonidentifying (nonessential) and does require commas to separate it from the rest of the sentence. Read this revision:
Broccoli, which people often leave uneaten, is very nutritious.
In this example, broccoli is a specific vegetable so commas are needed. Thus, the adjective clause is non- identifying and requires no commas.