1. A Global Conflict

3. Battle at Verdun then Battle at Somme

4. Gallipoli Campaign February 1915
British, Australian, New Zealand and French send troops
Bloody stalemate
December – Allies gave up and evacuated
Movie – Gallipoli (1981) starring a young Mel Gibson

5. Attacks in Asia
Japan overran German outposts in China and captured their Pacific island colonies.

6. Attacks in Africa
English and French troops attack Germany’s 4 African possessions

7. What about the colonized peoples?
The colonized served as troops in the side of their colonizers.
Others made sure to supply the front lines
Some did not want to deal with the European rulers’ conflicts
Some volunteered in the hope that service would lead to their independence

8. What prompted the U.S. to enter WW1? (#3)
Policy of unrestricted submarine warfare
Sank 3 American ships
Naval blockade – “starving” the British
Zimmerman Telegraph
UCI Book –insight of attacking German’s colonial possessions - end of page 10 – 12, 20 – 22, 32, 35-36

9. How did World War 1 become a total war
How did World War 1 become a total war? What eventually disappeared because of this?
How did total war lead to rationing?
What two ways can propaganda be used in times of war?
In 1918, what new “enemy” emerged and threatened both sides of the war?

10. Women and the war (#4) Replaced men in factories, offices and shops
Built tanks and munitions, plowed fields, paved streets and ran hospitals
Kept troops supplied with food, clothing and weapons
Worked as nurses on or near the front lines

11. Russia Withdraws
In March 1917 – civil unrest because of war-related shortages of food and fuel
5.5 million Russian soldiers perished
In Nov 1917 – a revolution took place and Communist Vladimir Ilyich Lenin seized power
In March 1918, Germany and Russia signed the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk, which ended the war between them

12. 2nd Battle of the Marne (#5)
May 1918, Germany had again reached the Marne River.
Victory was near for the Central Powers until…
What are 2 differences between the the 1st and 2nd battles?

13. Collapse of the Central Powers
As the Allied forces raged into Germany, the Bulgarians were the first to surrender then then Ottoman Turks
In Oct 1918, a revolution swept through Austria-Hungary
In Germany, soldiers mutinied (refuse to obey orders) and the public turned against the Kaiser.
Nov 1918, Kaiser Wilhelm II stepped down and Germany declared itself a republic.

14. How did World War I end?
A representative of the new German government met with French Commander Marshal Ferdinand Foch in a railway car near Paris
The two signed an armistice
World War 1 ended on Nov 11, 1918

15. Starvation, Disease and Slaughter
8.5 million soldiers died and roughly another 2 million wounded
Acres of farmland, homes, villages and towns were destroyed
Total cost of the war - $338 billion
A sense of disillusionment settled over the survivors. The insecurity and despair reflect in the art and literature of the time (Romanticism)

17. http://chemicalweapons. cenmag

18. Think about the means of communication during WW1 and the importance of receiving such efficiently and quickly both at home, abroad and during the war
(#7) Do you think governments are justified in censoring war news? Why or why not?
Why is it that civil liberties are “negated” during times of war?