1. Objective: To analyze the causes of World War I.

2. M A N I Causes of World War I - MANIA
ilitarism – policy of building up strong military forces to prepare for war
lliances - agreements between nations to aid and protect one another
ationalism – pride in or devotion to one’s country
mperialism – when one country takes over another country economically and politically
ssassination – murder of Austrian Archduke Franz Ferdinand

3. MANIA Causes of World War I Militarism
Massive military buildup in European countries, late 1800s and early 1900s
Wanted to protect overseas colonies from other nations
Growing power of armed forces left all sides ready to act at first sign of trouble
Minor disagreements had potential to turn to armed conflict

4. Causes of WWI - Alliances
Triple Entente:
Triple Alliance:
Great Britain
Germany
Austria-Hungary
France
Russia
Italy

6. Causes of WWI - Imperialism
Late 1800s and early 1900s saw quest to build empires
Created rivalry, ill will among European nations
Germany, France, Russia, Great Britain vied to become great imperial nations
Each did not want others to gain power

8. Causes of WWI – nationalism
Strong devotion to one’s national group or culture, increased in late 1800s
Led to formation of new countries, struggles for power
Most visible in Balkan Peninsula, southeastern Europe
Home to many ethnic groups trying to break free from Ottoman Empire

11. Causes of WWI - Nationalism

12. Causes of WWI - Nationalism
Pan-Germanism  - movement to unify the people of all German speaking countries
Germanic Countries
Austria *
Belgium
Denmark
Iceland
Germany *
Liechtenstein *
Luxembourg
Netherlands
Norway
Sweden
Switzerland *
United Kingdom
* = German speaking country

14. Causes of WWI - Nationalism
Pan-Slavism  - movement to unify all of the Slavic people

15. Causes of WWI - Imperialism

16. Causes of WWI - Imperialism

17. The Spark

18. Causes of WWI - Assassination
Archduke Franz Ferdinand and Duchess Sophie at Sarajevo, Bosnia, on June 28th, 1914.

19. Causes of WWI - Assassination

20. Causes of WWI - Assassination
Austrian Archduke Franz Ferdinand was killed in Bosnia by a Serbian nationalist who believed that Bosnia should belong to Serbia.

21. Causes of WWI - Assassination
Gavrilo Princip after his assassination of Austrian Archduke Franz Ferdinand.

22. Sparks of World War I
The Black Hand plotted to assassinate Archduke Franz Ferdinand
most of Europe plunged into war within five weeks.

23. ArchDuke Francis Ferdinand
Austrian reaction to the assassination was swift, as the Sarajevo crisis was seen as the Empire's last chance to assert its supremacy in the Balkans. Austrian foreign minister Count Leopold von Berchtold was determined to make use of the assassinations to crush once and for all the Serbian nationalist movement. Berchtold sent an envoy to Berlin, who was assured by Emperor William II on July 5th that Germany would fully support any action which the Dual Monarchy might take against Serbia. On July 6th, German chancellor Theobald von Bethmann-Hollweg issued the blank check of unconditional German support.
As Francis Ferdinand and his party proceeded through Sarajevo, the first of the Black Hand operatives tossed a bomb at the Archduke's automobile. The chauffeur saw the explosive and accelerated to avoid the impact. Sophie ducked, and Francis Ferdinand deflected the bomb with his arm, causing it to bounce off the back of the car and explode behind them, demolishing the next car and seriously injuring several aides. To avoid capture and interrogation, the unsuccessful assassin, nineteen-year-old Nedjelko Cabrinovic, swallowed a cyanide pill and jumped into the river. However, he was hauled out of the river and detained.
As the Archduke's entourage resumed its tour of Sarajevo, the Archduke's chauffeur took a wrong turn and drove within ten feet of another Black Hand agent, Gavrilo Princip. Princip stepped up to the car and fired two pistol shots. One bullet hit Sophie, killing her instantly. The other hit Francis Ferdinand, who died within minutes. Like Carbinovic, Princip attempted suicide, but was captured before succeeding.
ArchDuke Francis Ferdinand
On the morning of June 28, 1914, while traveling in a motorcade through Sarajevo, the capital city of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Archduke Francis Ferdinand and his wife Sophie were assassinated by a Serbian nationalist.
The Archduke was chosen as a target because Serbians feared that after his ascension to the throne, he would continue and even heighten the persecution of Serbs living within the Austro-Hungarian empire.
The Serbian terrorist organization, the Black Hand, had trained a small group of teenage operatives to infiltrate Bosnia and carry out the assassination of the Archduke.
On July 23, 1914, Austria-Hungary presented Serbia with a lengthy list of demands, with a 48 hour period in which to comply. These demands included abolishing all Pan-Serb propaganda, expelling from office any persons thought to have nationalist sympathies, taking legal action against certain officials designated by Austria-Hungary, and allowing agents of the Dual Monarchy to control all investigations and proceedings concerning the Sarajevo murders. Minutes before the July 25th deadline, Serbia issued a conciliatory reply to Berchtold's demands, stating that Serbia wished the dispute to be submitted to the International Tribunal at the Hague. This conciliation was rejected. On July 28, 1914, Austria-Hungary declared war on Serbia. World War I had begun.

24. The Point of No Return: The Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand
Austria blamed Serbia for Ferdinand’s death and declared war on Serbia.
Germany pledged their support for Austria -Hungary. · example of Pan-German nationalism
Russia pledged their support for Serbia. · example of Pan-Slavic nationalism

25. The Point of No Return: The Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand
Germany declares war on Russia.
France pledges their support for Russia.
Germany declares war on France.
Germany invades Belgium on the way to France.
Great Britain supports Belgium and declares war on Germany.

26. Allied Powers:
Central Powers:
Germany
Great Britain
World War I
France
Austria-Hungary
Ottoman Empire
Russia
Italy

29. Fighting in 1914 Germany’s Schlieffen Plan Early battles
Germany wanted to quickly defeat France, move east to fight Russia
Great Britain’s declaration of war on Germany doomed its plan
The Great War became bloody stalemate
Early battles
Battle of the Frontiers August 1914German troops against French and British
Both sides suffered heavy losses
Germany victorious
Russia enters fighting
Russia attacked German territory from the east
Russians defeated in Battle of Tannenberg August-September 1914
Germany distracted from France, Allies turned on German invaders

31. Fighting in 1914 Trench warfare begins
Allied troops drove Germans back, Battle of the Marne, September 1914
Retreating Germans dug series of trenches along Aisne River
Waited in trenches for Allied attack
Trenches elaborately constructed, cleverly concealed
Allies dug trenches of their own
Major battles for months with little change in positions
Deadlocked region became known as Western Front