1. Continental Margins and Ocean Basins Chapter 4

2. Bathymetry Bathy=deep Meter=measure
Discovery and study of the ocean floor

3. Echo sounding
The sinking of the Titanic in 1912 finally ended the use of ropes with weights
1914 Reginald Fessenden developed and iceberg detector and echo depth sounder
Directs a sound pulse and listen for a return echo
The amount of time it takes to return can be used to calculate distance

4. Multibeam echo sounders
Single echo sounders were not accurate…multibeam can send as many as 112 beans at one time for more accurate readings

5. Satellite Altimetry
Cannot measure ocean depths directly but can measure small alterations in the elevation of surface water sending thousands of radar pulses per second and measuring how long it takes to return to calculate height differences
The average height of the ocean surface can be known with great accuracy

6. Read Trieste

7. Topography of Ocean Floor Vocabulary
Continental margin
Ocean basin
Continental shelf
Continental slope
Continental rise
Ocean ridges
Hydrothermal vents
Transform faults

8. More vocabulary Abyssal plains Seamounts Island arcs Submersible Alvin
Shinkai
FLIP
Other vessels
Trieste

9. Notes Ocean Floor
see Ocean Basins other powerpoint