1. Sparta and Athens

2. Sparta Social Groups 3 social classes: Equals: Decedents from invaders
Half-citizens: free, however no political power
Helots: Slaves
Needed strong army to control helots, so everything focused on the military

3. Spartan Army Boys learned to fight from a young age
Girls stayed home and learned how to manage a household

4. Government 5 ephors- make sure king stays in line Council of Elders
2 kings (one for the army and one for home)
5 ephors- make sure king stays in line
Council of Elders

5. Athens Society 3 Classes: Citizens: Anyone who was an Athenian
Metics: Born outside Athens
Slaves

6. Athenian Gov. Democracy
kingaristocratsarchons (rulers who served 1-year terms)Draco (wrote down laws in Athens=very harsh)Solon (outlawed slavery for debt)Cleisthenes (changed to democracy)

7. Democracy Athens split into ten tribes
Each tribe chose 50 men to be in the Council of 500
Council proposed laws, but the Assembly (everyone) had to approve

8. Persian War
Darius: Persian Emperor who conquered Asia minor, Thrace, and Macedonia
Darius son, Xerxes: Invaded Greece
He was stopped at Thermopylae by 300 Spartans
Themistocles (Athenian) tricked Persians into attacking in the Salamis Strait giving Greek city-states time to come together to win.
Results:
Delian League: City-States created a greater unity of Greece.

9. Peloponnesian War: Age of Pericles
Pericles: leader in Athens
Built power and wealth
Extended empire
Brought stability
Athens led as a dictatorship to other city-states
Discontent boiled, Tensions grew, Quarrels began

10. Peloponnesian War War broke out between Athens and Sparta
Sparta had stronger army
Athens had better navy
Sparta couldn’t starve out Athens
Athens attacked Sparta friends
Persia stepped in to help Sparta and blocked food from Athens
Result – Greece was politically unstable!