1. GEM readout using an EMCCD: Test facility development and preliminary study
Dr David Ryan Smith
Centre for Sensors and Instrumentation
School of Engineering and Design
Brunel University
11th March 2011
Durham University

2. Talk Overview GEM readout using an EMCCD The CCD97 EMCCD
The Brunel EMCCD Test Facility
Preliminary GEM Testing
Discussion
11th March 2011
Durham University

3. The CCD97 EMCCD
Initially developed for night vision and security applications
Use the principle of electron avalanche multiplication to greatly improve the visibility of faint objects
Parameter
Value
Operation
Frame Transfer
Active image area
8.192 mm  mm
Image section
512 pixels  512 pixels
Store section
536 pixels  528 pixels
Pixel size
16 m  16 m
In its standard configuration, the 44 m tall PSLV has a lift-off mass of 295 tonne. It is a four-stage launch vehicle with the first and the third stages as well as the six strap-ons surrounding the first stage using HTPB based solid propellant. PSLV's first stage is one of the largest solid propellant boosters in the world. Its second and fourth stages use liquid propellants. PSLV's bulbous payload fairing has a diameter of 3.2 metre.
PSLV-C8 is launched from the Second Launch Pad at Satish Dhawan Space Centre SHAR, Sriharikota, the spaceport of India, situated at a distance of about 80 km North of Chennai in the Nellore district of Andhra Pradesh state. Compared to many space launch centers of the world, Sriharikota's proximity to Equator is especially advantageous for launching payloads Eastwards. It has facilities for solid propellant processing, static testing of solidmotors, launch vehicle integration and launch operations, range operations comprising telemetry, tracking and command network and mission control centre. The second Launch Pad became operational in May 2005.
11th March 2011
Durham University

4. The CCD97 EMCCD
In its standard configuration, the 44 m tall PSLV has a lift-off mass of 295 tonne. It is a four-stage launch vehicle with the first and the third stages as well as the six strap-ons surrounding the first stage using HTPB based solid propellant. PSLV's first stage is one of the largest solid propellant boosters in the world. Its second and fourth stages use liquid propellants. PSLV's bulbous payload fairing has a diameter of 3.2 metre.
PSLV-C8 is launched from the Second Launch Pad at Satish Dhawan Space Centre SHAR, Sriharikota, the spaceport of India, situated at a distance of about 80 km North of Chennai in the Nellore district of Andhra Pradesh state. Compared to many space launch centers of the world, Sriharikota's proximity to Equator is especially advantageous for launching payloads Eastwards. It has facilities for solid propellant processing, static testing of solidmotors, launch vehicle integration and launch operations, range operations comprising telemetry, tracking and command network and mission control centre. The second Launch Pad became operational in May 2005.
11th March 2011
Durham University

5. The CCD97 EMCCD
Extensive experience with EMCCD operation and characterisation:
dedicated vacuum, cryogenic test facilities for optical / X-ray characterisation of CCDs over a wide range of temperatures
involvement with radiation qualification of EMCCDs for use in space
characterisation of high-resistivity EMCCDs giving greater signal gain at lower voltages
Clock/Bias
Voltage (V)
Image/Store
Serial
Reset
Vod
Vrd
Vog
Vdd
Vss
9.1
10.0
5.7
28.0
19.5
2.5
20.0
9.0
Parameter
Time (s)
Int+ delay
Int- delay
Int time
0.24
1.20
In its standard configuration, the 44 m tall PSLV has a lift-off mass of 295 tonne. It is a four-stage launch vehicle with the first and the third stages as well as the six strap-ons surrounding the first stage using HTPB based solid propellant. PSLV's first stage is one of the largest solid propellant boosters in the world. Its second and fourth stages use liquid propellants. PSLV's bulbous payload fairing has a diameter of 3.2 metre.
PSLV-C8 is launched from the Second Launch Pad at Satish Dhawan Space Centre SHAR, Sriharikota, the spaceport of India, situated at a distance of about 80 km North of Chennai in the Nellore district of Andhra Pradesh state. Compared to many space launch centers of the world, Sriharikota's proximity to Equator is especially advantageous for launching payloads Eastwards. It has facilities for solid propellant processing, static testing of solidmotors, launch vehicle integration and launch operations, range operations comprising telemetry, tracking and command network and mission control centre. The second Launch Pad became operational in May 2005.
11th March 2011
Durham University

6. The EMCCD Test Facility
In its standard configuration, the 44 m tall PSLV has a lift-off mass of 295 tonne. It is a four-stage launch vehicle with the first and the third stages as well as the six strap-ons surrounding the first stage using HTPB based solid propellant. PSLV's first stage is one of the largest solid propellant boosters in the world. Its second and fourth stages use liquid propellants. PSLV's bulbous payload fairing has a diameter of 3.2 metre.
PSLV-C8 is launched from the Second Launch Pad at Satish Dhawan Space Centre SHAR, Sriharikota, the spaceport of India, situated at a distance of about 80 km North of Chennai in the Nellore district of Andhra Pradesh state. Compared to many space launch centers of the world, Sriharikota's proximity to Equator is especially advantageous for launching payloads Eastwards. It has facilities for solid propellant processing, static testing of solidmotors, launch vehicle integration and launch operations, range operations comprising telemetry, tracking and command network and mission control centre. The second Launch Pad became operational in May 2005.
11th March 2011
Durham University

7. In its standard configuration, the 44 m tall PSLV has a lift-off mass of 295 tonne. It is a four-stage launch vehicle with the first and the third stages as well as the six strap-ons surrounding the first stage using HTPB based solid propellant. PSLV's first stage is one of the largest solid propellant boosters in the world. Its second and fourth stages use liquid propellants. PSLV's bulbous payload fairing has a diameter of 3.2 metre.
PSLV-C8 is launched from the Second Launch Pad at Satish Dhawan Space Centre SHAR, Sriharikota, the spaceport of India, situated at a distance of about 80 km North of Chennai in the Nellore district of Andhra Pradesh state. Compared to many space launch centers of the world, Sriharikota's proximity to Equator is especially advantageous for launching payloads Eastwards. It has facilities for solid propellant processing, static testing of solidmotors, launch vehicle integration and launch operations, range operations comprising telemetry, tracking and command network and mission control centre. The second Launch Pad became operational in May 2005.

8. In its standard configuration, the 44 m tall PSLV has a lift-off mass of 295 tonne. It is a four-stage launch vehicle with the first and the third stages as well as the six strap-ons surrounding the first stage using HTPB based solid propellant. PSLV's first stage is one of the largest solid propellant boosters in the world. Its second and fourth stages use liquid propellants. PSLV's bulbous payload fairing has a diameter of 3.2 metre.
PSLV-C8 is launched from the Second Launch Pad at Satish Dhawan Space Centre SHAR, Sriharikota, the spaceport of India, situated at a distance of about 80 km North of Chennai in the Nellore district of Andhra Pradesh state. Compared to many space launch centers of the world, Sriharikota's proximity to Equator is especially advantageous for launching payloads Eastwards. It has facilities for solid propellant processing, static testing of solidmotors, launch vehicle integration and launch operations, range operations comprising telemetry, tracking and command network and mission control centre. The second Launch Pad became operational in May 2005.

9. In its standard configuration, the 44 m tall PSLV has a lift-off mass of 295 tonne. It is a four-stage launch vehicle with the first and the third stages as well as the six strap-ons surrounding the first stage using HTPB based solid propellant. PSLV's first stage is one of the largest solid propellant boosters in the world. Its second and fourth stages use liquid propellants. PSLV's bulbous payload fairing has a diameter of 3.2 metre.
PSLV-C8 is launched from the Second Launch Pad at Satish Dhawan Space Centre SHAR, Sriharikota, the spaceport of India, situated at a distance of about 80 km North of Chennai in the Nellore district of Andhra Pradesh state. Compared to many space launch centers of the world, Sriharikota's proximity to Equator is especially advantageous for launching payloads Eastwards. It has facilities for solid propellant processing, static testing of solidmotors, launch vehicle integration and launch operations, range operations comprising telemetry, tracking and command network and mission control centre. The second Launch Pad became operational in May 2005.

10. In its standard configuration, the 44 m tall PSLV has a lift-off mass of 295 tonne. It is a four-stage launch vehicle with the first and the third stages as well as the six strap-ons surrounding the first stage using HTPB based solid propellant. PSLV's first stage is one of the largest solid propellant boosters in the world. Its second and fourth stages use liquid propellants. PSLV's bulbous payload fairing has a diameter of 3.2 metre.
PSLV-C8 is launched from the Second Launch Pad at Satish Dhawan Space Centre SHAR, Sriharikota, the spaceport of India, situated at a distance of about 80 km North of Chennai in the Nellore district of Andhra Pradesh state. Compared to many space launch centers of the world, Sriharikota's proximity to Equator is especially advantageous for launching payloads Eastwards. It has facilities for solid propellant processing, static testing of solidmotors, launch vehicle integration and launch operations, range operations comprising telemetry, tracking and command network and mission control centre. The second Launch Pad became operational in May 2005.

11. Preliminary GEM Testing
Section of GEM clamped to CCD
White LED used to provide illumination
Parameter
Setting
Frequency
Vp-p
DC offset
Shape
400 kHz
2.9 V
1.3 V
sine
In its standard configuration, the 44 m tall PSLV has a lift-off mass of 295 tonne. It is a four-stage launch vehicle with the first and the third stages as well as the six strap-ons surrounding the first stage using HTPB based solid propellant. PSLV's first stage is one of the largest solid propellant boosters in the world. Its second and fourth stages use liquid propellants. PSLV's bulbous payload fairing has a diameter of 3.2 metre.
PSLV-C8 is launched from the Second Launch Pad at Satish Dhawan Space Centre SHAR, Sriharikota, the spaceport of India, situated at a distance of about 80 km North of Chennai in the Nellore district of Andhra Pradesh state. Compared to many space launch centers of the world, Sriharikota's proximity to Equator is especially advantageous for launching payloads Eastwards. It has facilities for solid propellant processing, static testing of solidmotors, launch vehicle integration and launch operations, range operations comprising telemetry, tracking and command network and mission control centre. The second Launch Pad became operational in May 2005.
11th March 2011
Durham University

12. Room Temperature (no GEM)
In its standard configuration, the 44 m tall PSLV has a lift-off mass of 295 tonne. It is a four-stage launch vehicle with the first and the third stages as well as the six strap-ons surrounding the first stage using HTPB based solid propellant. PSLV's first stage is one of the largest solid propellant boosters in the world. Its second and fourth stages use liquid propellants. PSLV's bulbous payload fairing has a diameter of 3.2 metre.
PSLV-C8 is launched from the Second Launch Pad at Satish Dhawan Space Centre SHAR, Sriharikota, the spaceport of India, situated at a distance of about 80 km North of Chennai in the Nellore district of Andhra Pradesh state. Compared to many space launch centers of the world, Sriharikota's proximity to Equator is especially advantageous for launching payloads Eastwards. It has facilities for solid propellant processing, static testing of solidmotors, launch vehicle integration and launch operations, range operations comprising telemetry, tracking and command network and mission control centre. The second Launch Pad became operational in May 2005.
11th March 2011
Durham University

13. Room Temperature (with GEM)
In its standard configuration, the 44 m tall PSLV has a lift-off mass of 295 tonne. It is a four-stage launch vehicle with the first and the third stages as well as the six strap-ons surrounding the first stage using HTPB based solid propellant. PSLV's first stage is one of the largest solid propellant boosters in the world. Its second and fourth stages use liquid propellants. PSLV's bulbous payload fairing has a diameter of 3.2 metre.
PSLV-C8 is launched from the Second Launch Pad at Satish Dhawan Space Centre SHAR, Sriharikota, the spaceport of India, situated at a distance of about 80 km North of Chennai in the Nellore district of Andhra Pradesh state. Compared to many space launch centers of the world, Sriharikota's proximity to Equator is especially advantageous for launching payloads Eastwards. It has facilities for solid propellant processing, static testing of solidmotors, launch vehicle integration and launch operations, range operations comprising telemetry, tracking and command network and mission control centre. The second Launch Pad became operational in May 2005.
11th March 2011
Durham University

14. In its standard configuration, the 44 m tall PSLV has a lift-off mass of 295 tonne. It is a four-stage launch vehicle with the first and the third stages as well as the six strap-ons surrounding the first stage using HTPB based solid propellant. PSLV's first stage is one of the largest solid propellant boosters in the world. Its second and fourth stages use liquid propellants. PSLV's bulbous payload fairing has a diameter of 3.2 metre.
PSLV-C8 is launched from the Second Launch Pad at Satish Dhawan Space Centre SHAR, Sriharikota, the spaceport of India, situated at a distance of about 80 km North of Chennai in the Nellore district of Andhra Pradesh state. Compared to many space launch centers of the world, Sriharikota's proximity to Equator is especially advantageous for launching payloads Eastwards. It has facilities for solid propellant processing, static testing of solidmotors, launch vehicle integration and launch operations, range operations comprising telemetry, tracking and command network and mission control centre. The second Launch Pad became operational in May 2005.

15. Operating Cold Room Temperature -100 oC
In its standard configuration, the 44 m tall PSLV has a lift-off mass of 295 tonne. It is a four-stage launch vehicle with the first and the third stages as well as the six strap-ons surrounding the first stage using HTPB based solid propellant. PSLV's first stage is one of the largest solid propellant boosters in the world. Its second and fourth stages use liquid propellants. PSLV's bulbous payload fairing has a diameter of 3.2 metre.
PSLV-C8 is launched from the Second Launch Pad at Satish Dhawan Space Centre SHAR, Sriharikota, the spaceport of India, situated at a distance of about 80 km North of Chennai in the Nellore district of Andhra Pradesh state. Compared to many space launch centers of the world, Sriharikota's proximity to Equator is especially advantageous for launching payloads Eastwards. It has facilities for solid propellant processing, static testing of solidmotors, launch vehicle integration and launch operations, range operations comprising telemetry, tracking and command network and mission control centre. The second Launch Pad became operational in May 2005.
Room Temperature
-100 oC
11th March 2011
Durham University

16. Discussion Parameters for investigation: System requirements:
Pixel readout rate
Illumination geometry
Temperature
Testing in argon
Testing with GEM operational
System requirements:
Energy resolution?
Spatial resolution?
Readout rate?
Temperature?
Image size?
In its standard configuration, the 44 m tall PSLV has a lift-off mass of 295 tonne. It is a four-stage launch vehicle with the first and the third stages as well as the six strap-ons surrounding the first stage using HTPB based solid propellant. PSLV's first stage is one of the largest solid propellant boosters in the world. Its second and fourth stages use liquid propellants. PSLV's bulbous payload fairing has a diameter of 3.2 metre.
PSLV-C8 is launched from the Second Launch Pad at Satish Dhawan Space Centre SHAR, Sriharikota, the spaceport of India, situated at a distance of about 80 km North of Chennai in the Nellore district of Andhra Pradesh state. Compared to many space launch centers of the world, Sriharikota's proximity to Equator is especially advantageous for launching payloads Eastwards. It has facilities for solid propellant processing, static testing of solidmotors, launch vehicle integration and launch operations, range operations comprising telemetry, tracking and command network and mission control centre. The second Launch Pad became operational in May 2005.
11th March 2011
Durham University

17. Acknowledgements
Gary Barker from Warwick University for providing the GEM array
e2v technologies for provision of the EMCCD used in the presented study
11th March 2011
Durham University