1. Chapter 4 Classification of Mammals
Mammalian Characteristics same
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A QUICK TOUR OF THE LIVING MAMMALS

3. The Breakup of Pangea and Mammal Evolution
The world at the end of the Paleozoic; 250 Ma

4. The Breakup of Pangea and Mammal Evolution.
The Breakup of Pangea and Mammal Evolution
Permo-Triassic boundary; 250 ma
Jurassic; 190 ma
Eocene; 50 ma
Cretaceous-Cenozoic boundary; 65 ma
Fig. 25-3: early continental land masses

5. Monotremata
2 families
Bininda et al 2007 Nature Figure 1 | Partial representation of the mammalian supertree showing the relationships among the families

6. Order Monotremata
Ornithorhynchidae (ornitho = bird; rynchus = beak) contains the platypus,
Tachyglossidae (tachy = fast, glossa = tongue) contains two types of echidna.
Figure Mammalian diversity

7. Class Mammalia Subclass Theria Infraclass Metatheria: marsupials
Extant marsupials can be divided into two groups, the Ameridelphia (2 orders) of the New World and Australidelphia (5 orders) of (mainly) Australian.

8. Class Mammalia Subclass Theria Infraclass Eutheria: placentals
Extant placental mammals are placed in four major groups
Afrotheria, Xenarthra, Euarchontoglires and Laurasiatheria.

9. Laurasiatheria
Euarchontoglires
Xenarthra
Afrotheria

10. Group I: Afrotheria
Originated in Africa in early Cenozoic when it was an isolated continent
Now mainly endemic to Africa (except some manatees).
Figure Mammalian diversity

11. Group II: Xenarthra Sloths, armadillos, anteaters
Origin in South America when it was an island continent

12. Group III – Euarchontoglires
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13. Group IV - Laurasiatheria

14. Fig h
Figure Mammalian diversity
The End

16. END

18. 69 Mammals with complete motochondrial genomes.
Used two models simulatneously
Total of 3571 sites
= 1637 single sites
+ 967 pairs
Jow et al. 2002
Hudelot et al. 2002