1. The Weekend Navigator Part II
Copyright 2008 Coast Guard Auxiliary Association, Inc.

2. Chapter 6: Planning with Digital Charts

3. Digital Charts Display the same information as paper charts
Lat/Lon are displayed digitally
Lose some resolution when you zoom out

4. Types of Digital Charts
Vector charts
Displayed on a chartplotter
Smaller memory
Raster charts
Displayed on a computer
Use scanned versions of papercharts
Look different, but come from same information source

5. Cruise-Planning Software
Offered by a number of companies and proprietary software is available
Can be bundled with digital charts
Digital charts for computers usually come on CD-ROMs

6. Chart-Planning Software Features
Waypoint mark Route development
Edit waypoints Edit routes
Measure distances Measure bearings
Route plan Chart management

7. Chart-Planning Software Features
Navigating the screen: A quick-start guide
Cursor
Setup (i.e. bearings, distance units, Lat/Lon format)

8. Chart-Planning Software Features
Tools (i.e. cursor, chart list, charts at this location, scale, zoom, A to B, create route, create mark, annotate chart, chart display, and locate)

9. Working with Digital Charts
Point A to B
One of the handiest features
Used for measurements not creating waypoints
Used to quickly measure a distance or bearing
Mark
Convenient reference point
Used for updating charts
Route
Most powerful tool on digital charts
Provides a means to plan a path from point to point
Computes course and distance for each leg

10. Working with Digital Charts
Route-planning strategy
Paper charts use linear planning – one waypoint to another – not the natural way with digital charts
Quick planning subsequent refinement

11. Quick Planning Start with a rough course
Insert waypoints and refine to a safe route

12. Working with Digital Charts
Route, waypoint, and mark lines
Route plan – shows all legs of the route
Marks – listed by name and coordinates
Editing – points can be moved or added
Moving waypoints, marks, and A to B – use the cursor
Adding or deleting waypoints in a route – move cursor to point and right click

13. Chartplotters
Chartplotters superimpose GPS information directly on a displayed digital chart
Come with built in firmware for specific navigation tasks
Designed to be mounted at helm

14. Chartplotters Planning is a little more tedious
Usually more expensive than hand-held GPS units
Limited processor capability and memory
Designed primarily for live navigation

15. Chartplotters Using a chartplotter to plan a route
Lacks a keyboard and mouse
Includes a main menu selection with submenus

16. PDAs
Personal digital assistants are among the latest platforms for navigation
Capable of interfacing with GPS

17. PDAs Advantages of using PDA Rather inexpensive and quite common
Portable and handheld
Higher mapping display than
GPS models
General purpose and flexible

18. PDAs Disadvantages of using PDA Small size
Lack of marinization for the
environment
Subject to power loss

19. Fuel Management Objectives
Fuel Plan
Short trip use 1/3 Rule
Long trip use 10% or 20% fuel reserve
Fuel Consumption Table
Speed, time, distance (60D=ST) formula to calculate time
Factor in Current
Remaining Fuel/Distance
“Howgozit” chart

20. For a Short Trip No Refueling planned The 1/3 Rule The effects of:
Current
Sea State, Weather
Weather

21. Fuel Consumption Table
Start with Speed Curve Table
STW at various Engine RPM
GPH at those RPM
Add column for SOA
Adjusts for Current
Calculate Fuel Efficiency (MPG)
What’s your fuel capacity?
Estimate Range and Endurance at various reserves (10% and 20%)

22. Speed, Time, Distance Use formula 60D=ST to develop table
Operating at 2,500 RPM you cover 1 mile in 6.12 minutes. What is your speed?
Answer: 9.8 knots. Add this to the Speed Curve Table, along with the fuel consumed of 9.5 gallons.

23. Fuel Consumption Table
Fuel Capacity
250
Gallons
Fuel Reserve 0%
Current - Knots
(Unfavorable) Favorable
Throttle
Setting
STW
Range
Endurance
(RPM)
(Knots)
GPH
SOA
MPG
Miles
Hours
750
0.8
0.3
2.67
667
833
1000
1.0
0.4
2.33
581
1250
1.9
0.9
2.11
528
278
1500
3.3
2.0
1.65
413
125
1750
5.1
3.5
1.46
364 71
2000
7.5
5.5
1.36
341 45
2250
8.5
6.9
1.23
308 36
2500
9.8
9.5
1.03
258 26
2750
11.3
13.0
0.87
217 19
3000
11.5
18.0
0.64
160 14

24. Fuel Consumption Table
Fuel Capacity
250
Gallons
Fuel Reserve
20%
Current - Knots
(Unfavorable) Favorable
Throttle
Setting
STW
Range
Endurance
(RPM)
(Knots)
GPH
SOA
MPG
Miles
Hours
750
0.8
0.3
2.67
533
667
1000
1.0
0.4
2.33
465
1250
1.9
0.9
2.11
422
222
1500
3.3
2.0
1.65
330
100
1750
5.1
3.5
1.46
291 57
2000
7.5
5.5
1.36
273 36
2250
8.5
6.9
1.23
246 29
2500
9.8
9.5
1.03
206 21
2750
11.3
13.0
0.87
174 15
3000
11.5
18.0
0.64
128 11

25. Using Consumption Table
At 2,250 RPM, how long will it take to travel 100 miles?
100 miles / 8.5 SOA = 11.8 hours
At this speed I can endure 30 hours
At what speed may I travel 300 miles without adding fuel?
1,750 RPM covers 291 miles with 20% reserve. It covers 300 miles with 18%.

26. Using Consumption Table
If I only have 12 hours, how far can I travel? How much fuel do I need?
My greatest SOA is 11.5 MPH.
11.5 MPH x 12 hours = 138 Miles
18 GPH x 12 hours = 216 gallons

27. Fuel Consumption Table
Foul current reduces the SOA
Fair current increases the SOA

28. Fuel Consumption Table
Fuel Capacity
250
Gallons
Fuel Reserve
20%
Current - Knots -2
(Unfavorable) Favorable
Throttle
Setting
STW
Range
Endurance
(RPM)
(Knots)
GPH
SOA
MPG
Miles
Hours
750
0.8
0.3
(1.2)
(4.00)
(800)
667
1000
1.0
0.4
(1.0)
(2.33)
(465)
465
1250
1.9
0.9
(0.1)
(0.11)
(22)
222
1500
3.3
2.0
1.3
0.65
130
100
1750
5.1
3.5
3.1
0.89
177 57
2000
7.5
5.5
1.00
200 36
2250
8.5
6.9
6.5
0.94
188 29
2500
9.8
9.5
7.8
0.82
164 21
2750
11.3
13.0
9.3
0.72
143 15
3000
11.5
18.0
0.53
106 11

29. Monitoring Fuel
The next chart monitors remaining fuel and distance to the destination.
Readings should form a line matching the one allowing the desired fuel reserve (see aqua blocks).
In this case, the Xs indicate no reserve. What action should you take?

30. Remaining Fuel/Distance
Remaining Gallons
330
297
264
231 x
198
165
Fuel
132
Reserve 99 66 33
200
180
160
140
120
100 80 60 40 20
Remaining Distance

31. Using Consumption Table
Enter 132 gallons as your fuel capacity and 30% as the reserve to target a 40 gallon cushion
Your GPS SOA less your STW based on RPM equals current – enter that in the table
Then see what speed you need to travel to cover the remaining 100 miles

32. Howgozit