1. Energy and Environmmental Problem Solving
(Energy and Environmental Dynamics)
TEP4220
Week 34 Exercises Fri 20.08
Klaus Vogstad
Dept. of Energy and Process Engineering
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2. 1/11

3. 1/11

4. The four rules of Causal loop diagramming
Rule (i) An increase in x results in an increase of y
Rule (ii) An increase in x results in a decrease of y
Rule (iii) An even number of negative polarities along
a loop is a reinforcing loop R
Rule (iv) an odd number of negative polarities along
a loop is a balancing loop B
Reinforcing growth (exponential growth
or exponential decline)
Goal seeking behaviour (exponential decay
or limiting growth)
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5. Figure 3-4
US oil production, consumption, imports, and price over a 130-year time horizon
Source: Production & consumption: , Davidsen (1988); , EIA Annual Energy Review , Davidsen (1988); , EIA Annual Energy Review, Refiners Acquisition Cost.

7. Modeling is an iterative process