1. Scaling up local ecosystem-based solutions: Urban ecosystems

2. Scaling up local ecosystem-based solutions: Urban ecosystems
Lessons learnt
Urban has a high spectrum of development, from agriculture to tower-block.
Risk can drive the development of adaptation measures that have catalytic outcomes
Ongoing tension between local knowledge and expert knowledge
High focus on land-use aspects. Are we missing the point of not including air as part of the national capital, that can be invested in?
Enhanced floodplain management as well as heat island effect
Green gentrification. Environmental justice groups initially embraced government to plant trees etc. These areas now look beautiful with parks and trees may be seen as a window into dislocation but existing residents.
Overselling benefits is an issues.
Thinking about value chains. These are critical, especially in urban agriculture projects

3. Scaling up local ecosystem-based solutions: Urban ecosystems
Recommendations for PEP
Need a way to prioritise where to invest. Hierarchy of interventions
Develop a systems approach to ensure better protection of open spaces in developing cities (with support from local communities who understand the benefits of ecosystem-based adaptation approaches).
Need more and better collaborations, but with the systems-thinking approach. This enhances delivery of ecosystem based adaptation, as well as selling points to communities.
Develop clear guidelines for required safeguards. Are the safeguards doing what they need to (either in cities or local communities)? If not, how will they address the larger issues? Is sufficient PES data available for the costing of project benefits?
Address tensions between local knowledge and expert knowledge, which are often at odds. Need better communication and good leadership.
Need a way to clarify what actual benefits of green infrastructure (and their limits), and also understand the balance between green and grey infrastructure