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The Science of Matter Section 1.2
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Physical Properties Properties that do not involve a change in composition and are easily visible. Examples Color Hardness Size Boiling point Density
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Physical Change A physical change does not produce a new substance.
Changes in state or phase (melting, freezing, vaporization, condensation, sublimation) are physical changes. Examples of physical changes include crushing a can, melting an ice cube, and tearing paper.
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States of Matter
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Volatile A substance that changes to a gas easily at room temperature.
Examples: Rubbing Alcohol Gasoline Naphthalene (moth balls)
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Density The amount of matter (mass) contained in a unit of volume.
Formula Density = Mass Volume Textbook page 35 Determining Density
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Density-Practice 1. A student determines that a piece of an unknown material has a mass of g and a volume of 7.57 cm3. What is the density of the material? Density = Mass g = Volume cm3 D = g/cm3
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Density-Practice Mercury has a density of 13.5 g/cm3.
If the mass is 50.0 g what is the volume of the mercury? Density = Mass Volume V = 3.70 cm3
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Density Experiment
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Density Experiment
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Galileo Thermometer
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Chemical Properties Chemical properties of a substance describe how that substance changes to one or more new substances. They are only observable during a chemical reaction. For example, you might not know if magnesium is combustible unless you tried to burn it. Example : Bromine with metals Textbook Page 39
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Chemical Change A chemical change is when one substance changes into other substance. It may occur by reacting different substances or by breaking them down into simpler substances. Examples Burning Digesting food Rusting
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Signs of a Chemical Change
1) Bubbles of gas appear 2) A precipitate forms 3) A color change occurs 4) The temperature changes 5) Light is emitted
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Law of Conservation of Mass
In a chemical reaction matter is not created nor destroyed. Also called the Law of Conservation of Matter.
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Energy The ability to do work.
It is either absorbed or released as a chemical change takes place.
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Exothermic Reaction A chemical reaction that gives off heat energy.
Thermacare HeatWraps
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Endothermic Reaction A chemical reaction that absorbs heat energy.
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