1. THE CIVIL RIGHTS MOVEMENT
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2. PRE-1950S
“separate but equal” – Segregation legal if both groups have similar facilities
- “equal” rarely happened in practice
Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) - Establishes ability to make “separate but equal” law
de facto segregation – segregation exists by custom, not by set laws

3. STARTING THE CHANGE
National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP)
- Founded in 1909
- Gave legal help to blacks with civil rights cases
Congress for Racial Equality (CORE)
- Protest group founded in 1941
- Used sit-ins

4. SIT-INS Form of non-violent protest
- Literally, sit and refuse to move
Used to desegregate public areas
- Lunch counters, bathrooms, waiting rooms, benches, etc.
Used as a model for the rest of the Civil Rights Movement

5. BROWN V. BOARD
1954 – NAACP sues Topeka, Kansas, school board to integrate schools
May 17 - Supreme Court rules in favor NAACP (Brown v. Board of Education)
- Overturns Plessy v. Ferguson
- Makes “separate but equal” illegal in public schools only

6. MONTGOMERY BOYCOTT
Dec 1,1955 – Rosa Parks arrested for not giving up her seat to a white man
Leads to non-violent protest led by Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.
Blacks boycott (refuse to use) city buses for 381 days
City loses money, integrates buses

7. LITTLE ROCK
Sept 1957 – 9 black students ordered integrated into Little Rock Central High (“Little Rock Nine”)
Governor sends National Guard troops to block integration
President Eisenhower has to send 1000 US Army troops to force integration; they stay the entire school year

8. SNCC – Student Non-violent Coordinating Committee
Created to force integration of public facilities
Made up mostly of black and white college students
1st president – Marion Barry
Followed Dr. King’s tactic of non-violence

9. THE FREEDOM RIDERS
Groups who traveled to the Deep South to integrate bus waiting rooms
Met with violence; many were beaten, one bus was firebombed. Few police helped
Birmingham, AL: Police Commissioner “Bull” Connor says his men were off-duty for Mother’s Day

10. SOME QUESTIONS…
Which Supreme Court case made “separate but equal” legal?
What makes non-violent protests successful?
Which Supreme Court case made “separate but equal” illegal?
What does SNCC stand for?
Where did the Freedom Riders travel?