1. USE and Application of pH METER
K G. Baheti
Y. B. Chavan College of Pharmacy Aurangabad

2. A pH Meter is a scientific instrument that measures the hydrogen-ion concentration (or pH) in a solution, indicating its acidity or alkalinity. 

3. pH is the measure of the level of acidity or alkalinity of any liquid or solution.
A specific pH level is to be maintained in all the living organisms.
pH is the measurement of hydrogen ion concentration of a liquid, with values ranging from 0-14.
These values indicate the level of acidity and alkalinity.
Since pH value 7 is the center of the measurement scale, it is neither acidic nor basic and is, therefore, called “neutral".
pH measurement is done using an electronic instrument, a pH Meter which consists of 3 parts— an electrode that is dipped in the solution to measure the voltage, a display, and a chip or sensor to process the pH value.

4. USE OF pH METER
Rinse electrode with water,
Two point calibration of electrode (in most cases we use pH 4.0 and 7.0 standards).
If the solution you are making has a pH over 8.0, use pH 7.0 and 10.0 standards for 2-point calibration.

6. Applications:
To measure the ph of biological fluids such as blood, urine, gastric acid etc to ascertain , type of biological conditions.
Useful in determination of concentration of substances by pH measurement
To know the pH of buffer solution
To maintain the pH of reaction conditions
If the pH value of a soil sample is found to be in an optimal range, it is considered to be the To measure the pH of soil, which will helpful in maximizing the yields and returns from the soil.
To measure the pH of rainwater
Maintaining perfect and accurate pH levels helps in several daily activities like keeping the milk from turning sour.
pH meters are employed chemical industry, neutralization of effluent in steel, pulp and paper, pharmaceutical manufacturing, biotechnology and petrochemical industries.
Hence, pH meter helps in analyzing the exact pH value of chemical substances and food grade products, thus ensuring high levels of safety and quality.

7. Buffers

26. Applications of Buffers
Buffers find extensive applications in a variety of fields.
In biochemical systems :
pH plays a very significant role in biochemical reactions. For example, the blood in our bodies is buffered at a pH value of due to bicarbonate – carbonic acid buffer. A mere change of 0.2 pH units can cause death. Certain enzymes get activated only at certain definite pH values.
Agriculture:
The pH of the soil is very important for having proper crop yield. The soils get buffered due to the presence of salts such as carbonates, bicarbonates, phosphates and organic acids. The choice of fertilizers depends upon pH of the soil.
Industry:
Practically all industries use buffers in one process or the other. Major industries, which employ buffers are paper, dyes, ink, paints and drugs industries.
Analytical chemistry
Buffers find extensive use in analytical chemistry, viz., both in qualitative and quantitative analysis. For example, qualitative analysis of Group III and Group IV is done in solutions buffered by NH4Cl + NH4OH. Buffers are used in the removal of interfering radicals such as phosphate, oxalate, borate and fluoride etc. The control of pH is very important in the field of food preservation.

27. Thank you