1. Cellular Reproduction

2. Asexual Reproduction only one parent is involved.
100% of the genetic material from the one parent is passed on.
Bacteria primarily reproduce asexually.

3. Examples of Asexual Reproduction
Binary fission
organism splits directly into two equal-sized offspring
usual type of reproduction in prokaryotes (bacteria)

4. Examples of Asexual Reproduction
Budding
formation of a new organism by the protrusion of part of another organism
common in plants and fungi
The picture to the right is yeast budding (like it’s growing out of the side of the yeast)

5. Hydra Budding Hydra is considered an animal and here it is budding.
Notice the protrusion sticking out of the right side of the Hydra.

6. Sporogenesis (spores)
when plants asexually produce small tiny spores on their outside leaves.
growths will usually detach from the organism and grow on another medium such as the ground.
Some Fungi also sometimes undergo this process.

7. Vegetative reproduction
type of asexual reproduction for plants
new plant "individuals" arise or are obtained without production of seeds or spores

8. Fragmentation
fragment develops into a mature, fully grown individual
new individual is a clone of the original organism.
Sea Stars, Fungi, and some Worms do this.

9. Advantages of Asexual Reproduction
Only one parent is required.
If you have good genes it is great because 100% of them are passed on.
Very quick reproduction

10. Disadvantages of Asexual Reproduction
no genetic variation
(if there is a genetic mutation or disease they are very hard to combat)
Parents look entirely like offspring. If humans did this we would all look the same. (not much fun)

11. The Importance of Genetic Variation.
allows individuals within a given species to adapt to their environment
we are different because of genetic variation
we are able to adapt this is known as survival of the fittest or natural selection.
make organisms different and if it occurs over a long enough period of time we can get new species

12. Sexual Reproduction requires two parents (sperm and egg)
50% of the genetic material is passed on from each parent
fair amount of genetic variation because new genes are integrated
(fertilized cell –zygote)
Most multi-cellular organisms reproduce sexually

13. Advantages to Sexual Reproduction
genetic variation
Both parents are passing on 50% of their genetic material so it’s easier to get rid of genetic mutations and diseases.
produces variation in the population
species is more likely to survive if there are genetic differences in the population

14. Disadvantages of Sexual Reproduction
to find a mate
Only ½ your genes are passed on (this is bad if you had great genes they can be diluted)
Slow process

15. Review: Compare and Contrast
Mitosis - type of nuclear and cell division that is used both in growth and asexual reproduction
Meiosis - type of nuclear and cell division that is used to make the sperm and eggs used in sexual reproduction