1. DIRECT & INDIRECT SPEECH
DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH
DIRECT & INDIRECT SPEECH

2. TYPES OF SPEECH STATEMENT INTEROGATIVE a) ‘Wh’ b) ‘yes’ or ‘no’
IMPERATIVE
a) request
b) command or order
c) suggest or recommend
d) advice or warning
EXCLAMATORY

3. Changes in Tense forms Simple Present Simple Past
Direct Speech Indirect Speech
Simple Present Simple Past
e.g., writes / write wrote
Present Continuous Past Continuous
e.g., is / are writing was/were writing
Present Perfect Past perfect
e.g., has/have written had written

4. Present Perfect Cont. Past Perfect Cont.
e.g., has/have been writing had been writing
Past Continuous Past Perfect Cont.
e.g., was/were writing had been writing
Will would
Shall should
Can could
May might

5. Changes in Pronouns / adjectives
DIRECT INDIRECT I - He / She My - his / her Myself - himself /herself We - they Us - them Ours - theirs Ourselves - themselves

6. Changing in forms Direct Indirect - Is/am was Me I Our their Are were
Has / have had
Now then
Here there
This / these that /those
Ago before
Today that day

7. Conversion Table Direct Indirect Statement Said to - told
Conjunction - that
Interrogative (‘wh’)
Said to asked
Conjunction - question word

8. Direct Indirect
Interrogative (Yes or No)
Said to asked
Conjunction - If / whether
Imperative
Said to - differs accordingly
Conjunction - to

9. STATEMENT TYPE E.g., Ravi said to his mother, “I go to theatre”.
Ravi told his mother that he went to theatre.
Ravi said to his mother, “ I am going to theatre”.
Ravi told his mother that he was going to theatre

10. E. g. , Ravi said to his mother, “I went to theatre”
E.g., Ravi said to his mother, “I went to theatre”. Ravi told his mother that he had gone to theatre. Ravi said to his mother, “ I will go to theatre”. Ravi told his mother that he would go to theatre.

11. STATEMENT Ram said to Ravi, “I am busy now”.
Ram told Ravi that he was busy then.
He said, “I have seen this person ago”.
He said that he had seen that person before.
I said, “These mangoes are sweet”.
I said that those mangoes were sweet.

12. They said to me, “ They went to watch movie” They told me that they had gone to watch movie
He said to her, “I was writing a letter”.
He told her that he was writing a letter.
She said to people, “I will help you”.
She told them that she would help them/people
She said to him, “ I am doing exercise daily”.
She told him that she was doing exercise daily.

13. Example
Change the dialogue into reported speech Interviewer : What were you doing earlier? Villager : I was cultivating the lands of a farmer in the village The interviewer asked the villager what he was doing earlier. The villager replied to him that he had been cultivating the lands of a farmer in the village.

14. Interrogative - Wh
E.g., My Child said to me, “Where do you go?” My Child asked me where did I go Meena said to Reena, “Who do you want to meet?” Meena asked Reena who did she want to meet.

15. My friend said to me, “Where are you going?”
My friend asked me where I was going
My teacher said to me, “Where did you buy the pen?”
My teacher asked me where I had bought the pen

16. People asked, “How long do you cheat us?”
People asked him how long did he cheat them.
The passanger said to the driver, when does you start the bus?”
The Passanger asked the driver when did he start the bus.
My Mom said to me, “ when will you come?”
My Mom asked me when would I come.

17. “Where do you live”, asked the stranger.
The stranger asked / enquired where I lived
The policeman said to us, “where are you going?
The policeman enquired where we were going.
He said, “ who did call me yesterday”?
He asked who had called him the last day.

18. Interrogative – Yes or No
The hero said to him, “Can you beat me?” The hero asked him if he could beat him The Child said to its Mom, “Will you come tomorrow?” The Child asked its Mom if she would come the next day.

19. My Boss said to me, “Do you go home
My Boss said to me, “Do you go home?” My Boss asked me if I did go home. My friend said to me, “Did you enjoy the trip?” My friend asked me if I had enjoyed the trip.

21. Imperative
The Mother said to her child, “Don’t touch it”. The Mother warned her child not to touch that. The Sales man said to his customer, “Be careful when you touch the glass.” The Sales man instructed his customer to be careful when he touch the glass.

22. The Officer said to his colleague, “Give her job ”
The Officer said to his colleague, “Give her job ”. The Officer recommended his colleague to give her job. The Child said to her mother, “Please, give me a chocolate.” The Child pleased her mother to give her a chocolate.

23. RESUME JOHN WESLEY B.E 146, Gandhi Street,
Near Anna Park,
Salem –
Mobile:
Objective : To fulfil the requirements of the company and eventually assume General Manager
Educational Qualification
2010 – 2014 : B.E in ECE with 75% from Knowledge Institute of Technology
2014 – 2016 : M.Tech with 80% from IIT, Madras
Additional Qualification
2008 – : PGDCA from Annamalai University
2009 – 2010 : I year Mgt. course from M.K.University

24. Experience : Worked as Field Engineer at Wind mill for I year Working as Manager at ABC Company Area of Interest : Differential calculation System Signal Academic Achievements Papers Presented : a) Teaching Vocabulary b) Learning through Media c) Status of Engineering Workshop Attended : a) Latex b) Building career

25. Academic Records : a) class topper
b) University Rank Holder
Managerial Skills : Since I had worked Field Engineer, I developed my managerial skill throughout my career
Communication Skills : As I had done MoC for various functions in my college and took
part in English Elocution, I developed my communication skill
Leadership Skills : Since I was given the responsibility to monitor the class as representative,
I acquired leadership skills.
Project : Power supply through Magnet

26. Skills : Drawing, Playing Chess, Writing Short stories Skill Set : Writing Short Stories Languages Known : Tamil, English & Hindi Declaration I do declare that the above information are true to the best of my knowledge. Yours truly, John Wesley

27. REPORT What is report? a) feed back b) giving information
Types of report
a) Progress Report
b) Survey Report
c) Feasibility Report

28. Progress Report : A report on an action which takes place at present
E.g., 2G Spectrum
Survey Report : A report on an action which took place in the past
E.g., Tsunami in 2006
Feasibility Report : A report on project / survey which will take place in Future
E.g., Census in 2011