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English Exploration The 13 colonies
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The Lost Colony of Roanoke
In 1587 a group of 110 English colonist would sail for Roanoke, Virginia. Their leader would leave to sail back to England for supplies, only to return in 1990 to find that the colony had been abandoned and its colonist missing. To this day there is no explanation of what happened to the lost colony. Most likely they were over run by Indian tribes.
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Joint-Stock Companies
In a joint-stock venture, stock was sold to investors who provided capital. Companies granted charter had proven profitable in the past with trading ventures. Granted a charter by King James I in 1606, the Virginia Company was a joint-stock company created to establish settlements in the New World.
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English Explorers John Cabot - In 1497 he explored the shores of Newfoundland, Nova Scotia, and Labrador. England claimed the whole east coast of North America because they claimed that Cabot was the first to reach the North American mainland. Sir Frances Drake – sailed around the world and was well known for attacking, thus weakening, Spanish ships. Attacks made by English sailors would lead to an attack made by the Spanish Armada and eventually open the way for safe English exploration in the New World. Henry Hudson – wanted to find a sea passage across North America to China, discovered the Hudson Bay.
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The 13 Colonies Jamestown, 1607 New York, 1626 Massachusetts Bay, 1630
New Hampshire, 1630 Maryland, 1634 Connecticut, 1636 Rhode Island, 1636 Delaware, 1638 North Carolina, 1653 New Jersey, 1660 South Carolina, 1670 Pennsylvania, 1682 Georgia, 1733
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Proprietary, then royal Mixed farming, furs
Virginia 1607 Southern John Smith Anglican Royal Trade and profits Tobacco Founded as joint-stock company. House of Burgesses (1619). Only 60 of 1st 900 colonists survived. New York 1626 Middle Peter Minuit None Proprietary, then royal Mixed farming, furs Set up as Dutch colony, taken over by English in 1664 Massachusetts Bay 1630 New England John Winthrop Puritan Corporate Religious freedom for Puritans Mixed farming, fishing, shipbuilding Led by John Winthrop. 18,000 settlers by 1642 New Hampshire John Mason Corporate, then royal Escape for those constricted by religious and economic rules Mixed farming Puritan harshness led these settlers north and inland. Maryland 1634 George Calvert Proprietary Religious freedom for Catholics Founded by George Calvert. Slow growing (only 600 by Maryland Toleration Act (1649) Connecticut 1636 Thomas Hooker Religious and economic freedom Leaders of Massachusetts asked Hooker and followers to leave. Rhode Island Roger Williams Religious freedom Williams set up most tolerant colony Delaware 1638 Trade and profits. Established by Sweden; taken by Dutch, then English. North Carolina 1653 Group of proprietors Rice Joint business venture New Jersey 1660 Lord Berkeley Established by Sweden; taken by English in 1664 South Carolina 1670 Rice major crop. Pennsylvania 1682 William Penn Religious freedom for Quakers; trade and profits Wheat, mixed farming Originally Quaker, this colony became home to many European immigrants Georgia 1733 James Oglethorpe Debtor colony. Buffer for Spanish colonies Originally outlawed slavery and restricted size of land grants to 500 acres.
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Demonstration of Learning
Identify four reasons for English exploration and place them into the appropriate P.E.G.S. category. You will need to give one example for each category.
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