1. European Imperialism
6-1 (part II)

2. The Spanish Empire
Spanish conquerors of the Americas were called conquistadors
They were incredibly successful in gaining territory from native peoples

3. The Spanish Empire
Hernan Cortes overthrew the Aztec Empire in Central America
Francisco Pizarro took control of the Incan Empire in South America

4. The Spanish Empire
By 1535, the Spanish had created a system of colonial administration in the Americas
Queen Isabella declared the Native Americans to be her subjects

5. The Spanish Empire
Forced labor, starvation, and disease took a terrible toll on Native American lives.
Between 30% and 40% of natives died due to diseases brought by the Europeans

6. Economic Impact
Wherever they went, Europeans searched for gold and silver.
Soon it flowed into Europe from the Americas
Agricultural products, such as potatoes, cocoa, corn, and tobacco, were also shipped to Europe.

7. The Columbian Exchange
In turn, Europeans brought horses, cattle, wheat, and cane sugar to the Americas.
This exchange of goods between Europe and the Americas is called the Columbian Exchange

8. New Rivals Enter the Scene
By the end of the 16th century, several European countries were vying for the eastern trade
Ferdinand Magellan sailed to the Philippine Islands on behalf of Spain
Spanish colonies were established

9. New Rivals Enter the Scene
Soon, the English and Dutch arrived and began competing with Spain and each other

10. Early North American Colonies
Dutch established a colony called New Netherlands in the Hudson River Valley
Eventually, the English seized that colony and renamed it New York
They also founded Virginia and the Massachusetts Bay Colony

11. Trade and Colonies
In the 1500s and 1600s, European nations established trading posts and colonies in the Americas and the East
A colony is a settlement of people living in a new territory, linked with the parent country by trade and direct government control.
important because they were sources of raw materials and were markets for finished goods

12. Mercantilism http://www.econlib.org/library/Enc/Mercantilism.html
Colonies played a role in the theory of mercantilism
The idea that the prosperity of a nation depended on a large supply of gold and silver.

13. Balance of Trade
To bring in gold and silver, nations tried to have a favorable balance of trade
It’s the difference in value between what a nation imports and what it exports over time.
When the balance is favorable, the goods exported are of greater value than those imported.

14. High Tariffs
Governments tried to keep foreign goods out of their countries/colonies by placing high tariffs (taxes) on these goods