1. Percutaneous aortic valve replacement: Endovascular resection of human aortic valves in situ 
René Quaden, MD, Tim Attmann, MD, Michael Schünke, MD, PhD, Dirk Theisen-Kunde, Dipl-Ing, Jochen Cremer, MD, PhD, Georg Lutter, MD, PhD 
The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery 
Volume 135, Issue 5, Pages (May 2008)
DOI: /j.jtcvs
Copyright © 2008 The American Association for Thoracic Surgery Terms and Conditions

2. Figure 1
A, Aortic valve isolation chamber (AVIC) prototype (STI Deutschland GmbH, Henstedt-Ulzburg, Germany). B, Inflated subvalvular balloons. C, Port system for descending aortic approach.
The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery  , DOI: ( /j.jtcvs )
Copyright © 2008 The American Association for Thoracic Surgery Terms and Conditions

3. Figure 2
A, Experimental setup with a deployed AVIC system with its supravalvular (1) and subvalvular (2) balloons, the endoscopic guided laser fiber (3), and the grab catheter (4). B, Resection sequence: the endoscope-guided laser fiber (3) with the aiming beam (red point, 5) in a sealed AVIC in a human body with a fixed aortic cusp by the grab catheter (4). C, Resected aortic valve from the left ventricular side (AO, aortic orifice; MV, mitral valve). D, Annulus damage (i, aortic side; ii, annulus tissue) (hematoxylin and eosin, 20×).
The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery  , DOI: ( /j.jtcvs )
Copyright © 2008 The American Association for Thoracic Surgery Terms and Conditions