1. Time-series observation with
Update of
Time-series observation with
mooring system
at K2
Makio Honda
JAMSTEC
No Data

2. Anti-biofouling: cupper shutter 19:00 - 7:00 (UTC) on time
Epipelagic layer
(Euphotic layer)
~ 35m
~ 150m
Mesopelagic layer
(Twilight zone)
RAS
Preservative: HgCl2
500ml
X 48
BLOOMS
412, 443, 490, 555 nm
Anti-biofouling: cupper shutter
19:00 - 7:00 (UTC) on time
~ 550m
~ 1000m
In 2001, time-series observation for the biological pump with new mooring system was kicked off as a cooperative research of JAMSTEC, WHOI and UCSB. Because we had ups and downs including malfunctions of gears and lost of mooring system, its time-series observation was unfortunately discontinuous.
Our mooring system deployed in 2005 consists of 4 sediment traps located at approximately 150, 550, 1000 and 4810 m and automatic water sampling system for measurement of nutriens, called RAS developed by WHOI team, and optical sensor package, called BLOOMS developed by Tommy Dickey and his colleagues, located at approximately 35 m in the euphotic layer.
Before deployment, mercuric chloride and formaline were add into sampling bag of RAS and collecting cups of sediment traps as preservative, respectively.
The BLOOMS measured 4 wavelengths between 412 nm and 555 nm each one hour during local day time. In order to avoid biofouling, sensor were covered with cupper shutter during rest period.
Bathypelagic layer
(Deep layer) ST
21 cups (150m)
13 cups (550, 1000, 4810m)
Preservative: formalin
~ 4810m
~ 5200m

3. VERTIGO

4. Estimation of Chl-a(int) with Ed(555)/Ed(443)

5. VERTIGO
PP = Chl(Int) x PAR x ψ

7. VERTIGO

8. Si / N

9. Ave. 96 mg m-2 day-1 ATE 20 ± 7% Ave. 24 mg m-2 day-1 ATE 1 ± 3%
VERTIGO
Ave. 96 mg m-2 day-1
ATE 20 ± 7%
Ave. 24 mg m-2 day-1
ATE 1 ± 3%
Ave. 36 mg m-2 day-1
ATE 8 ± 2%
Ave. 145 mg m-2 day-1
ATE 68 ± 1%

10. Swimmer or Carbon flux ?
It is noted that a lot of particles larger than 1 mm, which is clearly mesozooplankton, were collected at 150m based on my eye estimation. Dr. Kitamura of JAMSTEC, who saved lives of Mary, debie, Toru and other biologists, is conducting microscopic analysys on these fraction. Dry weight and its carbon content will be measured in future. Although these were defined as a swimmer until now and eliminated from discussion of carbon cycle, we should consider whether these can be defined as a swimmer or carbon flux in future.
Eucalanus bungii
Sagitta elegans

11. Deployment # 1 (MST: 24 Jul. - 6 Aug. , NBST 30 Jul. - 4 Aug.)
(MST/NBST = 0.05)
(MST/NBST = 0.05)
Deployment # 2 (MST: 7 Aug Aug. , NBST 10 Aug Aug.)
(MST/NBST = 0.49)
(MST/NBST = 0.15)

13. VERTIGO

14. VERTIGO

17. Sinking velocity and density
Stokes’ law
SV = 2 / 9 x r2 x g x (Dp - Ds) / v

20. Summary
Quick export of biogenic particulate materials from surface mixed layer
High export production and ratio
Vertical transport without significant lateral transport
Sinking velocity increased with depth.
Opal is most effective ballast.