1. Intro to Cellular Energy

2. Energy is the ability to do work
Energy is the ability to do work. Without energy, life can’t exist and would cease.

3. Autotrophs harness the sun’s energy and make sugars (make their own “food” from the sun) [Autotroph = “self feeding”]

4. Heterotrophs must obtain food by consuming other organisms
Heterotrophs must obtain food by consuming other organisms. They can’t make their own. [Heterotroph = “different feeding”] To live, ALL organisms (including plants), must unlock (release) the energy from sugar.

5. Energy can be transformed between/among any of these forms!
Forms of Energy
Solar
Thermal
Mechanical
Electrical
Chemical
Nuclear
Energy can be transformed between/among any of these forms!

6. When high energy chemical bonds are broken, they are replaced by low energy bonds. Energy is released from electrons. As electrons fall from high to low energy levels, energy can be released as heat and light. High energy bonds Low energy bonds + energy

7. What Is ATP? Adenosine Triphosphate
Organic molecule containing high-energy Phosphate bonds
Used to store and release energy
Energy “currency” used by all cells

8. Chemical Structure of ATP
Adenine Base
3 Phosphates
Ribose Sugar

9. What Does ATP Do for You?
It supplies YOU with ENERGY!

11. How Do We Get Energy From ATP? (How is energy RELEASED?)
By breaking the high- energy bonds between the last two phosphates in ATP

12. What is the Process Called?
HYDROLYSIS (Adding H2O)
H2O

13. The ADP-ATP Cycle ATP Synthase ATP-ase helps break ATP into ADP + P
Creates ATP from ADP and P
ATP-ase helps break ATP into ADP + P

14. When is ATP Made in the Body?
During a Process called Cellular Respiration that takes place in both Plants & Animals

15. Cellular Work – How does the cell use the energy it makes?
Active transport
Movement
Synthesis of new molecules
Responses to
Chemical signals
Other stimuli
Produce light

17. ATP ADP = Depleted battery Glucose Great for transferring energy
Like a “AA” battery or quarters $$$
ADP = Depleted battery
Glucose
Great for storing energy
Paper money

18. “Cycle of Life”: Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration

19. Photosynthesis: Capturing Energy from sunlight
“To make”
Definition: Process by which plants use the energy from sunlight to convert water (H2O) and carbon dioxide (CO2) into glucose (C6H12O6) and oxygen gas (O2)

20. Scientists Van Helmont
Question: Do plants grow by taking material out of the soil?
Method Used: Planted trees; observed and recorded data for 15 years
Conclusion: Plants gain mass from water
Priestly
Method: mint in a jar with a burning candle
Conclusion: the plant kept the flame going
Ingenhousz
Conclusion (from Priestly exp): plants must have light to produce CO2

21. Photosynthesis Equation
Takes place in the chloroplasts of plant cells – must have the pigment chlorophyll
Pigment = light-absorbing molecule

22. Chlorophyll Located in the thylakoid membranes of the chloroplasts
Chlorophyll pigments harvest energy (photons) by absorbing certain wavelengths (blue and red are most important)
Plants look green because the green wavelength is reflected, not absorbed.
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500
600
700

23. Photosynthesis has two parts:
1. Light Reactions (light dependent reaction)
Produces energy from solar power (photons) in the form of ATP and NADPH.
2. Calvin Cycle (light independent reaction)
Also called Carbon Fixation or C3 Fixation
Uses energy (ATP and NADPH) from light reaction to make sugar (glucose).